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SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH ON MAHARISHI'S TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION AND TM-SIDHI
PROGRAM
VOLUME
1
ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W., and FARROW, J. T., eds. 1977. Scientific research on the
Transcendental Meditation program: Collected papers, vol. 1. Rheinweiler,
W. Germany: MERU Press.
PART I: PHYSIOLOGY
The Studies
in the First Two Sections Document Changes during the Practice
of the Transcendental Meditation Technique Unless Otherwise Stated.
A: Metabolic
Changes
1. WALLACE,
R. K. Physiological effects of Transcendental Meditation. Science
167: 1751-1754, 1970.
Indications
of Deep Rest along with Wakeful, Ordered State of Brain Functioning:
Decreased Metabolic Rate (Decreased Oxygen Consumption and Unchanged
Respiratory Quotient); Decreased Minute Ventilation; Decreased
Heart Rate; Increased Basal Skin Resistance; Increased Regularity
and Intensity of EEG Alpha Activity.
2. WALLACE,
R. K. The physiological effects of Transcendental Meditation:
A proposed fourth major state of consciousness. Doctoral thesis,
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California
at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., 1970.
Indications
of Deep Rest along with Wakeful, Ordered State of Brain Functioning:
Decreased Metabolic Rate (Decreased Oxygen Consumption and Decreased
Carbon Dioxide Elimination); Normal Arterial Oxygen and Carbon
Dioxide Partial Pressures; Decreased Respiration Rate; Decreased
Heart Rate; Increased Basal Skin Resistance; Increased Regularity
and Intensity of EEG Alpha Activity in Frontal and Central Regions.
Reduction in Biochemical Index of Stress: Decreased Arterial Lactate
Levels. Self-Reported Improvements in Physical and Mental Health,
and Resistance to Disease.
3. WALLACE,
R. K., et al. A wakeful hypometabolic physiologic state. American
Journal of Physiology 221: 795-799, 1971.
Indications
of Deep Rest along with Wakeful, Ordered State of Brain Functioning:
Decreased Metabolic Rate (Decreased Oxygen Consumption and Decreased
Carbon Dioxide Elimination); Normal Arterial Oxygen and Carbon
Dioxide Partial Pressures; Decreased Respiration Rate; Decreased
Minute Ventilation; Decreased Heart Rate; Increased Basal Skin
Resistance; Increased Regularity and Intensity of EEG Alpha Activity
in Frontal and Central Regions; Episodes of Rhythmical EEG Theta
Activity in Frontal Region. Reduction in Biochemical Index of
Stress: Decreased Arterial Lactate Levels.
4. WALLACE,
R. K., et al. The physiology of meditation. Scientific American
226: 84-90, 1972.
Indications
of Deep Rest along with Wakeful, Ordered State of Brain Functioning:
Decreased Metabolic Rate (Decreased Oxygen Consumption and Decreased
Carbon Dioxide Elimination); Normal Arterial Oxygen and Carbon
Dioxide Partial Pressures; Decreased Respiration Rate; Decreased
Minute Ventilation; Decreased Heart Rate; Increased Skin Resistance;
Increased Regularity and Intensity of EEG Alpha Activity in Frontal
and Central Regions. Reduction in Biochemical Index of Stress:
Decreased Arterial Lactate Levels.
5. ALLISON,
J. Respiratory changes during Transcendental Meditation. Lancet
7651: 833, 1970.
Indication
of Deep Rest: Decreased Respiration Rate.
6. COREY,
P. W. Airway conductance and oxygen consumption changes associated
with practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique. University
of Colorado Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A., 1973.
Increased
Ease of Breathing: Increased Airway Conductance. Indications of
Deep Rest: Decreased Metabolic Rate (Decreased Oxygen Consumption
and Decreased Carbon Dioxide Elimination); Decreased Heart Rate.
Maintenance of a Relaxed Style of Physiological Functioning Outside
of Meditation: Lower Basal Metabolic Rate after Meditation.
7. FARROW,
J. T. Physiological changes associated with Transcendental consciousness,
the state of least excitation of consciousness. Psychophysiology
Laboratory, Centre for the Study of Higher States of Consciousness,
Maharishi European Research University, Switzerland, 1975.
Experience
of Transcendental Consciousness Associated with: High EEG Coherence
in the Theta, Alpha, and Beta Bands; Episodes of Spontaneous Breath
Suspension (Not Followed by Hyperventilation); Marked Reductions
in Respiration Rate, Minute Ventilation, Metabolic Rate (Oxygen
Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Elimination), and Heart Rate; Increased
Basal Skin Resistance; Cessation of Spontaneous Skin Resistance
Response.
8. HEBERT,
J. R. Periodic suspension of respiration during the Transcendental
Meditation technique. Psychophysiology Laboratory, Centre for
the Study of Higher States of Consciousness, Maharishi European
Research University, Switzerland, 1976.
Maximum State
of Deep Rest: Episodes of Spontaneous Breath Suspension (Not Followed
by Hyperventilation).
9. DHANARAJ,
V. H., and SINGH, M. Reduction in metabolic rate during the practice
of the Transcendental Meditation technique. Doctoral thesis of
first author (summary), Department of Physical Education, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Paper presented at the
first Canadian Congress for Multidisciplinary Study of Sport and
Physical Activity, Quebec, Canada, October 1973.
Indications
of Deep Rest: Decreased Metabolic Rate (Decreased Oxygen Consumption
and Unchanged Respiratory Quotient); Decreased Tidal Volume; Decreased
Respiration Rate.
10. BAKKER,
R. Decreased respiratory rate during the Transcendental Meditation
technique: A replication. Department of Biology, California State
College at Sonoma, Sonoma, California, U.S.A., 1974.
Indication
of Deep Rest: Decreased Respiration Rate.
11. LEVANDER,
V. L., et al. Increased forearm blood flow during a wakeful hypometabolic
state. Federation Proceedings 31: 405 (Abstract), 1972.
Small Increase
in Forearm Blood Flow.
12. JEVNING,
R.; WILSON, A.; VANDERLAAN, E.; and LEVINE, S. Plasma prolactin
and cortisol during Transcendental Meditation. Findings previously
published in The Endocrine Society Program 57th Annual Meeting,
New York City, 18-20 June 1975, p. 257 (Abstract).
Reduction
in Biochemical Index of Stress: Decreased Plasma Cortisol Levels.
Small Increase in Plasma Prolactin Immediately following Transcendental
Meditation.
13. JEVNING,
R.; WILSON, A. F.; and SMITH, W. R. Plasma amino acids during
the Transcendental Meditation technique: Comparison to sleep.
Findings previously published in Sleep research, vol. 4, ed. M.
H. Chase, W. C. Stern, and P. L. Walter, pp. 79-80 (Abstract).
Los Angeles: Brain Information Service, Brain Research Institute,
University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,
U.S.A., 1975.
Increased
Plasma Phenylalanine Levels.
B: Electrophysiological
and Electroencephalographic Changes
14. BANQUET,
J. P. EEG and meditation. Electroencephalography and Clinical
Neurophysiology 33: 454 (Abstract), 1972.
EEG Indications
of Restful Alertness: Coexistence of Theta and Delta with Alpha
and Beta EEG Activity. Increased Orderliness and Integration of
Brain Functioning: Hypersynchrony and Rhythmicity; Synchronization
of Anterior and Posterior Channels; Periods of Uniformity of Frequency
and Amplitude from All Leads.
15. BANQUET,
J. P. Spectral analysis of the EEG in meditation. Electroencephalography
and Clinical Neurophysiology 35: 143-151, 1973.
Increased
Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning: High Amplitude
EEG Alpha Activity Extending to Anterior Channels; Bursts of High
Amplitude Theta Activity in All Channels; Rhythmic High Amplitude
Beta Activity in All Channels; Synchronization of Anterior and
Posterior Channels. Electromyographic Evidence of Deep Muscular
Relaxation.
16. WESTCOTT,
M. Hemispheric symmetry of the EEG during the Transcendental Meditation
technique. Department of Psychology, University of Durham, Durham,
England, 1973.
Increased
Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning: High Levels
of Interhemispheric EEG Alpha Correlation; Greater Power Balance
between Right and Left Hemispheres.
17. BANQUET,
J. P., and SAILHAN, M. EEG analysis of spontaneous and induced
states of consciousness. Revue d'Electroencéphalographie et de
Neurophysiologie Clinique 4: 445-453, 1974.
EEG Indications
of Restful Alertness: Less Activation (Decreased Proportion of
Beta to Alpha); Greater Wakefulness (Increased Proportion of Alpha
to Delta). Increased Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning:
Greater Interhemispheric and Intrahemispheric EEG Synchrony.
18. KRAS,
D. J. The Transcendental Meditation technique and EEG alpha activity.
Department of Psychology, Stirling University, Stirling, Scotland,
1974.
EEG Indications
of Restful Alertness: Increased Alpha Activity in All Areas of
the Brain. Maintenance of a More Relaxed Style of Physiological
Functioning Outside of Meditation: Persistence of Greater Alpha
Activity following Meditation.
19. BANQUET,
J. P., and SAILHAN, M. Quantified EEG spectral analysis of sleep
and Transcendental Meditation. Stanley Cobb Laboratories for Psychiatric
Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A., and Institut La Rochefoucauld,
Paris, France. Paper presented at the Second European Congress
on Sleep Research, Rome, Italy, 10 April 1974.
EEG Indications
of Inner Wakefulness during Sleep.
20. LEVINE,
P. H.; HEBERT, J. R.; HAYNES, C. T.; and STROBEL, U. EEG coherence
during the Transcendental Meditation technique. Psychophysiology
Laboratory, Centre for the Study of Higher States of Consciousness,
Maharishi European Research University, Switzerland, 1976.
Increased
Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning: Increased EEG
Coherence Especially in Alpha and Theta Bands.
21. HAYNES,
C. T.; HEBERT, J. R.; REBER, W.; and ORME-JOHNSON, D. W. The psychophysiology
of advanced participants in the Transcendental Meditation program:
Correlations of EEG coherence, creativity, H-reflex recovery,
and experience of Transcendental consciousness. Psychophysiology
Laboratory, Centre for the Study of Higher States of Consciousness,
Maharishi European Research University, Switzerland, 1976.
Correlations
between High EEG Coherence, High Levels of Creativity, Enhanced
Neurological Efficiency (Faster H-Reflex Recovery), and Clarity
of Experiences of Transcendental Consciousness.
22. JANBY,
J. Immediate effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique:
Increased skin resistance during first meditation after instruction.
Institute of Psychology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark,
1973.
Indication
of Deep Relaxation: Marked Increase in Basal Skin Resistance.
23. LAURIE,
G. An investigation into the changes in skin resistance during
the Transcendental Meditation technique. Department of Psychology,
Portsmouth Polytechnic, Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, 1973.
Indication
of Deep Relaxation: Marked Increase in Basal Skin Resistance.
24. WEST,
M. A. Changes in skin resistance in subjects resting, reading,
listening to music, or practicing the Transcendental Meditation
technique. University College of Swansea, University of Wales,
Swansea, Wales, 1973.
Indication
of Deep Relaxation: Marked Increase in Basal Skin Resistance.
C: Physiological
Efficiency and Stability
25. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W. Autonomic stability and Transcendental Meditation. Psychosomatic
Medicine 35: 341-349, 1973.
Improved Resistance
to Stress and Greater Autonomic Stability: Faster Habituation
of Skin Resistance Response to Stressful Stimuli; Fewer Multiple
Responses; Fewer Spontaneous Skin Resistance Responses.
26. WILCOX,
G. G. Autonomic functioning in subjects practicing the Transcendental
Meditation technique. School of Applied Psychology, University
of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 1973.
Improved Resistance
to Stress and Greater Autonomic Stability: Faster Habituation
of Skin Resistance Response to Stressful Stimuli; Fewer Spontaneous
Skin Resistance Responses.
27. BERKER,
E. Stability of skin resistance responses one week after instruction
in the Transcendental Meditation technique. Department of Biology,
Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida, U.S.A., 1974.
Improved Resistance
to Stress and Greater Autonomic Stability: Faster Habituation
of Skin Resistance Response to Stressful Stimuli; Fewer Spontaneous
Skin Resistance Responses.
28. SMITH,
T. R. The Transcendental Meditation technique and skin resistance
response to loud tones. Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan
University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, U.S.A., 1974.
Improved Resistance
to Stress and Greater Autonomic Stability: Faster Habituation
of Skin Resistance Response to Stressful Stimuli.
29. WILLIAMS,
P., and WEST, M. EEG responses to photic stimulation in persons
experienced at meditation. Electroencephalography and Clinical
Neurophysiology 39: 519-522, 1975.
EEG Indications
of Greater Alertness (in Response to Photic Stimulation).
30. ROUTT,
T. J. Low normal heart and respiration rates in individuals practicing
the Transcendental Meditation technique. Department of Psychology,
Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington State
College, Bellingham, Washington, U.S.A., 1973.
Increased
Basal Skin Resistance during Transcendental Meditation. Maintenance
of a Relaxed Style of Physiological Functioning outside the Practice
of Transcendental Meditation: Lower Heart Rate; Lower Respiration
Rate.
31. MCDONAGH,
J. M., and EGENES, T. The Transcendental Meditation technique
and temperature homeostasis. Department of Psychology, St. Mary's
College, Notre Dame, Indiana, U.S.A., 1973.
Enhanced Temperature
Homeostasis: Faster Recovery of Normal Skin Temperature following
Exertion.
D: Health
32. WALLACE,
R. K., et al. Decreased blood pressure in hypertensive subjects
who practiced meditation. Supplement II to Circulation 45 and
46: 516 (Abstract), 1972.
Improvements
in Hypertensive Subjects: Decreased Blood Pressure.
33. BLACKWELL,
B.; HANENSON, I. B.; BLOOMFIELD, S. S.; MAGENHEIM, H. G.; NIDICH,
S. I.; and GARTSIDE, P. Effects of Transcendental Meditation on
blood pressure: A controlled pilot experiment. Psychosomatic Medicine
37(1): 86 (Abstract), 1976.
Improvements
in Hypertensive Subjects: Decreased Blood Pressure; Decreased
Anxiety.
34. SIMON,
D. B.; OPARIL, S.; and KIMBALL, C. P. The Transcendental Meditation
program and essential hypertension. Hypertension Clinic and Department
of Psychiatry, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A., 1974.
Improvements
in Hypertensive Subjects: Decreased Blood Pressure. Improvements
in Patients with Angina Pectoris: Improved Exercise Tolerance;
Increased Maximum Workload; Delayed Appearance of Electrocardiographic
Abnormalities during Exercise (Delayed Onset of ST Segment Depression);
Decreased Double Product; Clinical Observations of Decreased Anxiety;
Decreased Need for Tranquillizers and Anti-Anginal Drugs; Improved
Sleeping Patterns; Improved Personal Relationships.
35. ZAMARRA,
J. W. ; BESSEGHINI, I.: and WITTENBERG, S. The effects of the
Transcendental Meditation program on the exercise performance
of patients with angina pectoris. Department of Medicine, State
University of New York at Buffalo, New York, U.S.A., and Buffalo
Veterans Administration Hospital, Buffalo, New York, U.S.A., 1975.
Improvements
in Patients with Angina Pectoris; Improved Exercise Tolerance;
Increased Maximum Workload; Delayed Appearance of Electrocardiographic
Abnormalities during Exercise (Delayed Onset of ST Segment Depression);
Decreased Double Product; Clinical Observations of Decreased Anxiety;
Decreased Need for Tranquillizers and Anti-Anginal Drugs; Improved
Sleeping Patterns; Improved Personal Relationships.
36. HONSBERGER,
R. W., and WILSON, A. F. The effect of Transcendental Meditation
upon bronchial asthma. Clinical Research 21: 278 (Abstract), 1973.
Improvements
in Patients with Bronchial Asthma: Decreased Severity of Symptoms
Reported by Patients and Physicians; Reduced Airway Resistance.
37. HONSBERGER,
R. W., and WILSON, A. F. Transcendental Meditation in treating
asthma. Respiratory Therapy: The Journal of Inhalation Technology
3: 79-80, 1973.
Improvements
in Patients with Bronchial Asthma: Decreased Severity of Symptoms;
Reduced Airway Resistance.
38. WILSON,
A. F.; HONSBERGER, R. W.; CHIU, J. T.; and NOVEY, H. S. Transcendental
Meditation and asthma. Respiration 32: 74-80, 1975.
Improvements
in Patients with Bronchial Asthma: Decreased Severity of Symptoms
Reported by Patients and Physicians; Reduced Airway Resistance.
39. KLEMONS,
I. M. Changes in inflammation in persons practicing the Transcendental
Meditation technique. Department of Health Education, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., 1972.
Improved Periodontal
Health: Decreased Gingival Inflammation.
40. MISKIMAN,
D. E. The effect of the Transcendental Meditation program on compensatory
paradoxical sleep. Graduate Department of Psychology, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 1972.
Faster Recovery
from Sleep Deprivation.
41. MISKIMAN,
D. E. The treatment of insomnia by the Transcendental Meditation
program. Graduate Department of Psychology, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 1972.
Relief from
Insomnia: Decreased Time Taken to Fall Asleep.
42. MISKIMAN,
D. E. Long-term effects of the Transcendental Meditation program
in the treatment of insomnia. Graduate Department of Psychology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 1975.
Relief from
Insomnia: Decreased Time Taken to Fall Asleep (Benefits Sustained
over Time).
43. MCINTYRE,
M. E.; SILVERMAN, F. H.; and TROTTER, W. D. Transcendental Meditation
and stuttering: A preliminary report. Perceptual and Motor Skills
39: 294 (Abstract), 1974.
Decreased
Stuttering.
44. WELDON,
J. T., and ARON, A. The Transcendental Meditation program and
normalization of weight. Department of Psychology, Maharishi International
University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1974.
Normalization
of Weight.
E: Motor and
Perceptual Ability, and Athletic Performance
45. SHAW,
R., and KOLB, D. Reaction time following the Transcendental Meditation
technique. Graduate Department of Psychology, University of Texas
at Austin, Austin, Texas, U.S.A., 1971.
Improved Mind-Body
Co-ordination: Faster Reactions.
46. APPELLE,
S., and OSWALD, L. E. Simple reaction time as a function of alertness
and prior mental activity. Perceptual and Motor Skills 38: 1263-1268,
1974.
Improved Mind-Body
Co-ordination: Faster Reactions.
47. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W.; KOLB, D.; and HEBERT, J. R. An experimental analysis of
the effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on reaction
time. International Center for Scientific Research, Maharishi
International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1973.
Improved Mind-Body
Co-ordination: Faster Reactions.
48. BLASDELL,
K. S. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique upon
a complex perceptual-motor task. Department of Kinesiology, University
of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.,
1971.
Improved Mind-Body
Co-ordination: Superior Perceptual-Motor Performance.
49. RIMOL,
A. G. P. The Transcendental Meditation technique and its effects
on sensory-motor performance. Department of Psychology, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A., 1974.
Improved Mind-Body
Co-ordination: Short- and Long-Term Improvements in Complex Sensory-Motor
Performance.
50. PIROT,
M. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique upon
auditory discrimination. Department of Psychology, University
of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 1973.
Increased
Perceptual Acuity: Improved Auditory Temporal Discrimination.
51. PELLETIER,
K. R. Influence of Transcendental Meditation upon autokinetic
perception. Perceptual and Motor Skills 39: 1031-1034, 1974.
Increased
Field Independence (Growth of a Stable Internal Frame of Reference,
Increased Perceptual Acuity).
52. PELLETIER,
K. R. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on
perceptual style: Increased field independence. Langley Porter
Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California School of
Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Paper presented at
the meeting of the Western Psychological Association, San Francisco,
California, 25-28 April 1974.
Increased
Field Independence (Growth of a Stable Internal Frame of Reference,
Increased Perceptual Acuity).
53. REDDY,
M. K.; BAI, A. J. L.; and RAO, V. R. The effects of the Transcendental
Meditation program on athletic performance. A.P. Sports Council,
Lal Bahadar Stadium, and Nilouffer Hospital Hyderabad, Andhra
Pradesh, India, 1974.
Benefits for
Athletes: Improved Physiological Functioning--Improved Cardiovascular
Efficiency; Improved Respiratory Efficiency (Increased Vital Capacity);
Reduction of Blood Pressure to More Ideal Levels; Increased Hemoglobin
Concentration. Improved Athletic Performance and Neuromuscular
Integration: Increased Running Speed; Improved Standing Broad
Jump; Improved Agility; Faster Reactions and Improved Co-ordination.
Increased Intelligence.
PART II: PSYCHOLOGY
A: Intelligence,
Learning, and Academic Performance
54. TJOA,
A. Some evidence that the Transcendental Meditation program increases
intelligence and reduces neuroticism as measured by psychological
tests. G.I.T.P., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1972.
Benefits for
High School Students: Decreased Neuroticism; Greater Intelligence
Growth Rate: Increased Fluid Intelligence.
55. TJOA,
A. Increased intelligence and reduced neuroticism through the
Transcendental Meditation program. Findings previously published
as "Meditation, neuroticism and intelligence: A follow-up"
in Gedrag: Tijdschrift voor Psychologie (Behavior: Journal of
Psychology) 3: 167-182, 1975.
Increased
Fluid Intelligence; Decreased Neuroticism; Decreased Somatic Neurotic
Instability.
56. ABRAMS,
A. I. Paired-associate learning and recall: A pilot study of the
Transcendental Meditation program. Graduate Department of Education,
University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.,
1972.
Benefits for
University Students: Quicker Acquisition of Information (Better
Learning Ability); Superior Recall.
57. MISKIMAN,
D. E. Performance on a learning task by subjects who practice
the Transcendental Meditation technique. Graduate Department of
Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,
1972.
Benefits for
University Students: Superior Learning Ability.
58. MISKIMAN,
D. E. The effect of the Transcendental Meditation program on the
organization of thinking and recall (secondary organization).
Graduate Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada, 1973.
Benefits for
University Students: Improved Spontaneous Organization of Memory;
Improved Stabilization of Organized Memory; Improved Problem-Solving
Ability.
59. COLLIER,
R. W. The effect of the Transcendental Meditation program upon
university academic attainment. Department of English as a Second
Language, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Hawaii,
Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A., 1973.
Benefits for
University Students: Improved Academic Performance.
60. HEATON,
D. P., and ORME-JOHNSON, D. W. The Transcendental Meditation program
and academic achievement. International Center for Scientific
Research, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa,
U.S.A., 1974.
Benefits for
University Students: Improved Academic Performance.
61. CORY,
R., and HUFNAGEL, P. The effect of the Science of Creative Intelligence
course on high school students: A preliminary report. American
Foundation for the Science of Creative Intelligence, Hartford,
Connecticut, U.S.A., 1974.
Benefits for
High School Students: Improved Academic Performance; Reduced State
and Trait Anxiety.
62. SHECTER,
H. The Transcendental Meditation program in the classroom: A psychological
evaluation. Doctoral thesis (summary), Graduate Department of
Psychology, York University, North York, Ontario, Canada, Dissertation
Abstracts International 38 (07) (1977): 3372B.
Benefits for
High School Students: Improved Intellectual Performance (Increased
Problem Solving Ability); Increased Creativity; Increased Energy
Level; Increased Innovation, Autonomy, and Independence; Increased
Self-Esteem; Increased Tolerance; Increased Ability to Deal with
Abstract and Complex Situations; Decreased Anxiety.
63. MACCALLUM,
M. J. The Transcendental Meditation program and creativity. Graduate
Department of Psychology, California State University at Long
Beach, Long Beach, California, U.S.A., 1974.
Greater Creativity:
Greater Fluency, Flexibility, and Originality of Creative Thought.
B: Development
of Personality
64. SEEMAN,
W.; NIDICH, S.; and BANTA, T. Influence of Transcendental Meditation
on a measure of self-actualization. Journal of Counseling Psychology
19: 184-187, 1972.
(Increased
Self-Actualization: Increased Inner-Directedness (Independence,
Self-Supportiveness)1; Increased Spontaneity; Enhanced Self-Regard.
65. FEHR,
T.; NERSTHEIMER, U.; and TORBER, S. Study of personality changes
resulting from the Transcendental Meditation program: Freiburger
Personality Inventory. Department of Social Affairs, MlU/Forschungsring
Schopferische Intelligenz, Dormagen, W. Germany, 1972.
Less Nervousness
(Less Psychosomatic Disturbance); Less Aggressiveness (Greater
Self-Control, Greater Emotional Maturity); Less Depression (Greater
Contentment, Greater Self-Confidence); Less Irritability (Greater
Calm in Frustrating Situations, Greater Tolerance); Greater Sociability
(Greater Friendliness, Greater Liveliness); Greater Placidity
(Greater Self-Assuredness, More Good Humor, Less Tendency to Procrastinate);
Less Tendency to Dominate (Greater Respectfulness); Less Inhibition
(Greater Naturalness, Greater Spontaneity, Greater Self-Sufficiency);
Less Neuroticism (Greater Emotional Stability, Less Tension);
Greater Self-Reliance (Greater Effectiveness, More Balanced Mood,
Greater Vigor).
66. STEK,
R. J., and BASS, B. A. Personal adjustment and perceived locus
of control among students interested in meditation. Psychological
Reports 32: 1019-1022, 1973.
Interest in
Learning Transcendental Meditation Found to Be Uncorrelated with
Personality Factors.
67. BERG,
W. P. VAN DEN, and MULDER, B. Psychological research on the effects
of the Transcendental Meditation technique on a number of personality
variables. Findings previously published in Gedrag: Tijdschrift
voor Psychologie (Behavior: Journal of Psychology) 4: 206-218,
1976 . See also DIJK, H. VAN, and BERG, W. P. VAN DEN. Begripsvaliditeit
van de NPV-Zelfwaarde-Ringsschaal. Heymans Bulletins, Psychologische
lnstituten R.U., Groningen, the Netherlands, NR: HB-74-147 Ex.
Less Neuroticism;
Greater Self-Esteem; Better Self-Image; Greater Ego Strength;
Greater Trust; Greater Satisfaction; Greater Self-Actualization;
Less Sensitivity to Criticism; Less Depression; Decreased Sense
of Physical Inadequacy.
68. NIDICH,
S.; SEEMAN, W.; and SEIBERT, M. Influence of the Transcendental
Meditation program on state anxiety. Department of Psychology,
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A., 1973.
Decreased
Anxiety.
69. HJELLE,
L. A. Transcendental Meditation and psychological health. Perceptual
and Motor Skills 39: 623-628, 1974.
Increased
Self-Actualization: Increases in--Time Competence (Ability to
Live More Fully in the Present, Ability to Connect Past and Present
Meaningfully); Inner-Directedness (Independence, Self-Supportiveness);
Self-Actualizing Value (Holding of Values of Self-Actualizing
People); Feeling Reactivity (Sensitivity to One's Own Needs and
Feelings); Spontaneity; Self-Regard; Capacity for Intimate Contact
(Capacity for Warm Interpersonal Relationships). Greater Inner
Locus of Control; Less Anxiety.
70. NIDICH,
S.; SEEMAN, W.; and DRESKIN, T. Influence of Transcendental Meditation
on Self-Actualization: A replication. Journal of Counseling Psychology
20: 565-566, 1973.
Increased
Self-Actualization: Increases in--Time Competence (Ability to
Live More Fully in the Present, Ability to Connect Past, Present,
and Future Meaningfully); Inner-Directedness (Independence, Self-Supportiveness);
Self-Actualizing Value (Holding of Values of Self-Actualizing
People); Feeling Reactivity (Sensitivity to One's Own Needs and
Feelings); Spontaneity; Self-Acceptance; Capacity for Intimate
Contact (Capacity for Warm Interpersonal Relationships).
71. PENNER,
W. J.; ZINGLE, H. W.; DYCK, R.; and TRUCH, S. Does an in-depth
Transcendental Meditation course effect change in the personalities
of the participants? Western Psychologist 4: 104-111, 1974.
Greater Interest
in Academic Activities; Greater Intellectual Orientation; Greater
Aestheticism; Greater Respect for Traditional Religious Values;
Greater Adaptability of Mental Orientation; Greater Autonomy;
Greater Social Extroversion; Less Impulsiveness; Greater Personal
Integration (Decreased Social Alienation and Emotional Disturbance);
Lower Anxiety Level; Greater Altruism.
72. DAVIES,
J. The Transcendental Meditation program and progressive relaxation:
Comparative effects on trait anxiety and self-actualization. Department
of Psychology, University of New England at Armidale, Armidale,
New South Wales, Australia, 1974.
Increased
Self-Actualization: Increased Inner-Directedness/Time Competence.
Increased Feeling Reactivity (Increased Sensitivity to One's Own
Needs and Feelings). Reduced Trait Anxiety.
73. SCHILLING,
P. B. The effect of the regular practice of the Transcendental
Meditation technique on behavior and personality. Department of
Clinical Psychology, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky,
U.S.A., 1974.
Decreased
Aggression (Increases in: Tactfulness, Calmness, Easygoingness,
Forgiveness, and Consideration; Decreases in: Argumentativeness,
Irritability, and Threatening Behavior); Improved Leadership Ability;
Growth of a More Brave, Adventurous, Action-Oriented Nature; Increased
Affiliation (Increases in: Enjoyment of Friends, Maintenance of
Associations with Others, Warmth, Neighborliness, and Co-operativeness);
Increased Nurturance (Increases in: Need to Give Sympathy and
Assistance to Others, Protectiveness, and Consideration for Others);
Decreased Use of Drugs; Decreased Use of Alcohol.
74. SHAPIRO,
J. The relationship of the Transcendental Meditation program to
self-actualization and negative personality characteristics. Doctoral
thesis (summary), Department of Psychology, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., 1974.
Increased
Self-Actualization; Decreased Depression; Decreased Neuroticism;
Decreased Aggression; Decreased Anxiety.
75. STERN,
M. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on trait
anxiety. Department of Education, Xavier University, Cincinnati,
Ohio, U.S.A., 1974.
Decreased
General Anxiety.
76. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W., and DUCK, B. Psychological testing of MIU students: First
report. Department of Psychology, Maharishi European Research
University, Switzerland, and International Center for Scientific
Research, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa,
U.S.A., 1974.
Greater Self-Actualization
in Students at Maharishi International University than in Other
College Students: Greater--Time Competence (Ability to Live More
Fully in the Present, Ability to Connect Past and Present Meaningfully);
Inner-Directedness (Independence, Self-Supportiveness); Self-Actualizing
Value (Holding of Values of Self-Actualizing People); Spontaneity;
Self-Regard; Nature of Man is Constructive (Ability to See Man
as Essentially Good); Synergy (Ability to See Opposites of Life
as Meaningfully Related); Capacity for Intimate Contact (Capacity
for Warm Interpersonal Relationships).
77. FEHR,
T. A longitudinal study of the effect of the Transcendental Meditation
program on changes in personality. Department of Social Affairs,
MlU/Forschungsring Schöperische lntelligenz, Dormagen, W. Germany,
1974.
Decreased
Nervousness (Decreased Psychosomatic Disturbance); Decreased Aggressiveness
(Increased Self-Control, Increased Emotional Maturity); Decreased
Depression (Increased Contentment, Increased Self-Confidence);
Decreased Irritability (Increased Calm in Frustrating Situations,
Increased Tolerance); Increased Sociability (Increased Friendliness,
Increased Liveliness); Increased Placidity (Increased Self-Assuredness,
Increased Good Humor, Decreased Tendency to Procrastinate); Decreased
Tendency to Dominate (Increased Flexibility, Respectfulness, and
Tolerance); Decreased Inhibition (Increases in: Naturalness, Spontaneity,
Self-Sufficiency); Increased Extroversion (Increased Capacity
for Warm Interpersonal Relationships); Decreased Neuroticism (Increased
Emotional Stability, Decreased Tension); Increased Self-Reliance
(Increased Effectiveness, More Balanced Mood, Increased Vigor).
78. FERGUSON,
P. C., and GOWAN, J. C. Psychological findings on Transcendental
Meditation. Also published as "TM--some preliminary psychological
findings" in Journal of Humanistic Psychology 16(3): 51-60,
1976.
Increased
Self-Actualization; Decreased Anxiety; Decreased Depression; Decreased
Neuroticism.
PART III:
SOCIOLOGY
A: Rehabilitation
79. WINQUIST,
W. T. The Transcendental Meditation program and drug abuse: A
retrospective study. Department of Sociology, University of California
at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., 1969.
Decreased
Drug Abuse.
80. WALLACE,
R. K., et al. Decreased drug abuse with Transcendental Meditation:
A study of 1,862 subjects. In Drug Abuse: Proceedings of the International
Conference, ed. Chris J. D. Zarafonetis, pp. 369-376. Philadelphia:
Lea and Febiger, 1972.
Decreased
Drug Abuse; Decreased Use of Alcohol; Decreased Use of Cigarettes;
Decreased Drug Selling; Increased Tendency to Discourage the Use
of Drugs by Others.
81. BRAUTIGAM,
E. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on drug abusers:
A prospective study. Department of Psychology, University of Lund,
Lund, Sweden, 1972.
Increased
Psychological Stability; Increased Adjustment (Increased Self-Acceptance,
Satisfaction, and Ability to Handle One's Situation); Decreased
Anxiety; Decreased Tension; Decreased Psycho-Motor Retardation;
Decreased Drug Abuse.
82. SHAFII,
M.; LAVELY, R. A.; and JAFFE, R. D. Meditation and marijuana.
American Journal of Psychiatry 131: 60-63, 1974.
Decreased
Drug Abuse.
83. SHAFII,
M.; LAVELY, R. A.; and JAFFE, R. Meditation and the prevention
of alcohol abuse. American Journal of Psychiatry 132: 942-945,
1975.
Decreased
Use of Alcohol.
84. LAZAR,
Z.; FARWELL, L.; and FARROW, J. T. The effects of the Transcendental
Meditation program on anxiety, drug abuse, cigarette smoking,
and alcohol consumption. Graduate School of Education, Boston
University, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; Department of Social
Relations, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.;
and Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University,
Waltham, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 1972.
Decreased
Anxiety; Decreased Use of Cigarettes; Decreased Use of Alcohol;
Decreased Drug Abuse.
85. KATZ,
D. Decreased drug use and prevention of drug use through the Transcendental
Meditation program. International Center for Scientific Research,
Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1974.
Decreased
Use of Alcohol; Decreased Drug Abuse.
86. SCHENKLUHN,
H., and GEISLER, M. A longitudinal study of the influence of the
Transcendental Meditation program on drug abuse. Drug Rehabilitation
Center of Arbeiterwohlfahrt Kreisverband, Mülheim/Ruhr, W. Germany,
1974.
Decreased
Drug Abuse.
87. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W.; KIEHLBAUCH, J.; MOORE, R.; and BRISTOL, J. Personality
and autonomic changes in prisoners practicing the Transcendental
Meditation technique. University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso,
Texas, U.S.A., 1971.
Rehabilitation
of Prisoners: Increased Physiological Stability and Psychological
Adaptability--Fewer Spontaneous Skin Resistance Responses; Decreased
Obsessive-Compulsive Behavior (Increased Behavioral Flexibility);
Decreased Social Introversion (Increased Social Ease and Outgoingness).
88. CUNNINGHAM,
M., and KOCH, W. The Transcendental Meditation program and rehabilitation:
A pilot project at the Federal Correctional Institution at Lompoc,
California. International Meditation Society, Los Angeles, California,
U.S.A., 1973.
Rehabilitation
of Prisoners: Decreased Anxiety; Other Improvements in Mental
Health.
89. BALLOU,
D. The Transcendental Meditation program at Stillwater Prison.
Graduate Department of Social Anthropology, University of Kansas,
Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A., 1973.
Rehabilitation
of Prisoners: Decreased Anxiety; Decreased Prison Disciplinary
Rule Infractions; Fewer Parole Violations; Increased Participation
in Recreational and Educational Activities; Decreased Drug Abuse.
90. CHILDS,
J. P. The use of the Transcendental Meditation program as a therapy
with juvenile offenders. Doctoral dissertation (abbr.), Department
of Educational Psychology and Guidance, University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S.A., 1973. Dissertation Abstracts International
34/08-A, 1973, Order Number AAD74-03806.
Rehabilitation
of Juvenile Offenders: Decreased Anxiety; Positive Change as Reported
by Both Subjects and Parents; Decreased Drug Abuse; Decreased
Court Problems; Increased Happiness; Improved Interpersonal Relationships;
Increased Self-Actualization; Enhanced Self-Regard.
91. NIDICH,
S. I. A study of the relationship of the Transcendental Meditation
program to Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning. Doctoral thesis
(abbr.), Department of Learning and Development, College of Education,
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A., 1975. Dissertation
Abstracts International 36: 4361a-4362a, 1975.
Greater Moral
Maturity.
92. ROSS,
J. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on anxiety,
neuroticism, and psychoticism. Master's thesis, Graduate Department
of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1972.
Decreased
Anxiety; Decreased Neuroticism; Decreased Psychoticism.
93. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W.; ARTHUR, G. K.; FRANKLIN, L.; and O'CONNELL, J. The Transcendental
Meditation technique and drug abuse counselors. Department of
Research and Evaluation, Drug and Alcohol Abuse Control and Prevention
Program, Fort Bliss, Texas, U.S.A., 1972.
Improvements
in Mental Health: Decreased Anxiety; Decreased Hypochondria; Decreased
Internal Conflicts and Confusion; Increased Clarity of Mind, Relaxation,
Energy Level, and Sensitivity to Others.
94. DICK,
L. D., and RAGLAND, R. E. A study of the Transcendental Meditation
program in the service of counseling. Departments of Psychology
and Education, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.,
1973.
Increased
Self-Actualization: Increased Time Competence (Ability to Live
More Fully in the Present, Ability to Connect Past, Present, and
Future Meaningfully); Increased Inner-Directedness (Independence,
Self-Supportiveness); Increased Existentiality (Flexibility in
Application of Self-Actualizing Values); Enhanced Self-Regard;
Increased Self-Acceptance.
95. BLOOMFIELD,
H. H. Some observations on the uses of the Transcendental Meditation
program in psychiatry. Institute of Psychophysiological Medicine,
San Diego, California, U.S.A., 1975.
Case Histories
Illustrating Benefits in the Treatment of Psychiatric Patients
with a Variety of Disorders, Including Anxiety Neurosis, Obsessive-Compulsive
Neurosis, Depression, Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Psychosomatic Disorders,
and Chronic Insomnia.
B: Productivity
and Quality of Life
96.
FREW, D. R. Transcendental Meditation and productivity. Academy
of Management Journal 17: 362-368, 1974. A version of this study
and a second study replicating the results can be found in David
R. Frew, Management of Stress: Using TM at Work. Chicago: Nelson-Hall
Press, 1977.
Increased
Productivity: Improved Work Performance; Increased Work Satisfaction;
Improved Relations with Co-Workers; Improved Relations with Supervisors;
Decreased Turnover Propensity; Decreased Self-Report Climb Orientation/Increased
Climb Orientation as Reported by Co-Workers and Supervisors.
97. FRIEND,
K. E. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on work
attitudes and behavior. Graduate School of Business, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A., 1975.
Improved Work
Performance; Increased Work Satisfaction; Improved Relations with
Co-Workers; Improved Relations with Supervisors.
98. BORLAND,
C., and LANDRITH III, G. Improved quality of city life through
the Transcendental Meditation program: Decreased crime rate. Department
of Educational Psychology, Maharishi European Research University,
Switzerland, and Department of Psychology, Maharishi International
University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1976.
Improved Quality
of City Life: Decreased Crime Rate (U.S.A., 1973).
PART IV: THEORETICAL
PAPERS
99. DOMASH,
L. H. The Transcendental Meditation technique and quantum physics:
Is pure consciousness a macroscopic quantum state in the brain?
Department of Physics, Maharishi European Research University,
Switzerland, 1975.
In this contribution,
the data of many of the preceding papers are organized into a
theory of the Transcendental Meditation technique. Intended mainly
for an audience of physicists, this paper should be of interest
to psychologists, physiologists, and philosophers as well. The
author interprets the pure consciousness state induced by the
Transcendental Meditation technique in terms of quantum physics
as a zero-entropy vacuum state, and puts forward the hypothesis
that a form of superconductivity in the brain may underlie its
physiology.
100. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. The dawn of the Age of Enlightenment: Experimental evidence
that the Transcendental Meditation technique produces a fourth
and a fifth state of consciousness in the individual and a profound
influence of orderliness in society. Department of Psychology,
Maharishi European Research University, Switzerland, 1976.
A review of
scientific data shows that a fourth state of consciousness is
reached through the Transcendental Meditation program. It is seen
that repeated experience of this state develops a fifth state
of consciousness, cosmic consciousness or enlightenment, in which
behavior is spontaneously "in accord with all the laws of
nature."
101. WALLACE,
R. K. Neurophysiology of enlightenment. Paper presented at the
26th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, New Delhi,
India, October 1974. Livingston Manor, New York: MIU Press, 1974.
This contribution
outlines the broad historical implications of scientific research
on the Transcendental Meditation program for developing enlightened
individuals, an enlightened society, cultural integrity, and world
peace.
PART V: THE
TM-SIDHI PROGRAM2
102. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W.; CLEMENTS, G.; HAYNES, C. T.; and BADAWI, K. Higher states
of consciousness: EEG coherence, creativity, and experiences of
the sidhis. Centre for the Study of Higher States of Consciousness,
Maharishi European Research University, Switzerland, 1977.
Global EEG
Coherence during Experience of the TM-Sidhis; Correlations between
High EEG Coherence, Higher States of Consciousness, Experience
of the TM-Sidhis, and Creativity.
103. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W., and GRANIERI, B. The effects of the Age of Enlightenment
Governor Training Courses on field independence, creativity, intelligence,
and behavioral flexibility. Centre for the Study of Higher States
of Consciousness, Maharishi European Research University, Switzerland,
1977.
Increased
Field Independence (Growth of a More Stable Internal Frame of
Reference, Increased Perceptual Acuity); Increased Creativity--Increased
Figural Fluency and Originality; Increased Intelligence; Increased
Behavioral Flexibility Increased Psychomotor Speed and Motor-Cognitive
Flexibility (Findings Indicate a Reversal of the Aging Process).
104. CLEMENTS,
G., and MILSTEIN, S. L. Auditory thresholds in advanced participants
in the Transcendental Meditation program. Department of Experimental
Psychology, Maharishi European Research University, Switzerland,
and Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de
Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Universite du Québec, Montreal-Gamelin,
Québec, Canada, 1977.
Greatly Improved
Auditory Thresholds.
SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH ON MAHARISHI'S TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION AND TM-SIDHI
PROGRAM
VOLUME
2
CHALMERS,
R. A.; CLEMENTS, G.; SCHENKLUHN, H.; and WEINLESS, M., eds. 1989.
Scientific research on Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation and
TM-Sidhi program: Collected papers, vol. 2. Vlodrop, the Netherlands:
MVU Press.
PART I: PHYSIOLOGY
The Studies
in the First Two Sections Document Changes during the Practice
of the Transcendental Meditation Technique Unless Otherwise Stated.
A: Metabolic,
Biochemical, and Cardiovascular Changes
105. JEVNING,
R.; SMITH, R.; WILSON A. F.; and MORTON, M. E. Alterations in
blood flow during Transcendental Meditation. Psychophysiology
13: 168 (SPR Abstract # 20), 1976.
Changes in
Regional Blood Flow Indicative of Increased Blood Flow to the
Brain.
106. JEVNING,
R.; WILSON, A. F.; SMITH, W. R.; and MORTON, M. Redistribution
of blood flow in Transcendental Meditation. Department of Medicine,
University of California at Irvine, Orange, California, U.S.A.
Paper presented at the American Psychological Society, San Francisco,
California, U.S.A., October 1975.
Changes in
Regional Blood Flow Indicative of Increased Blood Flow to the
Brain.
107. MCCUAIG,
L. W. Salivary electrolytes, protein, and pH during Transcendental
Meditation. Experientia 30(9): 988-989, 1974.
Increased
Concentration of Salivary Electrolytes and Protein.
108. STEHLE,
R. Ventilation, heart rate, and respiratory partial pressures
of athletes practicing the Transcendental Meditation technique.
Diplomarbeit (abbr.), Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Cologne,
W. Germany, 1975.
Indications
of Deep Rest in Athletes: Decreased Metabolic Rate (Decreased
Oxygen Consumption and Decreased Carbon Dioxide Elimination);
Decreased Respiration Rate; Decreased Heart Rate; Decreased Minute
Ventilation.
109. BEVAN,
A. J. W.; YOUNG, P. M.; WELLBY, M. L.; NENADOVIC, P.; and DICKINS,
J. A. Endocrine changes in relaxation procedures. Proceedings
of the Endocrine Society of Australia 19: 59 (Abstract), 1976.
Reduction
in Biochemical Index of Stress: Decreased Plasma Cortisol Levels.
Biochemical Indication of Reduced Stress during Activity: Decreased
Urinary Free Cortisol Levels.
110. BUJATTI,
M., and RIEDERER, P. Serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine metabolites
in Transcendental Meditation technique. Journal of Neural Transmission
39: 257-267, 1976.
Changes in
Neurotransmitter Balance: Increased Levels of Serotonin Metabolite
(Increased 5-HIAA Levels); Decreased Levels of Adrenaline and
Noradrenaline Metabolite (Decreased VMA Levels) and Higher Levels
of 5-HIAA outside the Practice of Transcendental Meditation.
111. JEVNING,
R., and WILSON, A. F. Acute decline in adrenocortical activity
during Transcendental Meditation. Department of Medicine, University
of California at Irvine, Orange, California, U.S.A., 1977.
Reduction
in Biochemical Index of Stress: Decreased Plasma Cortisol Levels.
112. JEVNING,
R., and WILSON, A. F. Altered red cell metabolism in TM. Psychophysiology
14: 94 (Abstract), 1977.
Fundamental
Change in Cellular Metabolism: Reduced Glucose Metabolism in Red
Blood Cells.
113. JEVNING,
R.; PIRKLE, H. C.; and WILSON, A. F. Behavioral alteration of
plasma phenylalanine concentration. Physiology & Behavior
19: 611-614, 1977.
Increased
Plasma Phenylalanine Levels.
B: Electrophysiological
and Electroencephalographic Changes
114. KOBAL,
G.; WANDHÖFER, R. A.; and PLATTIG, K.-H. EEG power spectra and
auditory evoked potentials in Transcendental Meditation (TM).
Pflügers Archiv, Supplement 359: 191, R 96, 1975.
Improved Efficiency
of Information Transfer in the Brain: Shorter Latencies of Auditory
Evoked Potentials (Both during and outside the Practice of Transcendental
Meditation). Increased EEG Alpha Power.
115. KRAHNE,
W., and TANELI, B. EEG and Transcendental Meditation. Pflügers
Archiv, Supplement 359: 190, R 95, 1975.
EEG Indications
of Increased Orderliness of Brain Functioning: High Amplitude
Alpha and Theta Activity in All Cortical Regions.
116. WANDHÖFER,
A.; KOBAL, G.; and PLATTIG, K.-H. Shortening of latencies of human
auditory evoked brain potentials during the Transcendental Meditation
technique. Zeitschrift für Elektroenzephalographie und Elektromyographie
EEG-EMG 7: 99-103, 1976. (Transl.)
Improved Efficiency
of Information Transfer in the Brain: Shorter Latencies of Auditory
Evoked Potentials (Both during and outside the Practice of Transcendental
Meditation).
117. DASH,
P., and ALEXANDER, C. N. Electrophysiological characteristics
during the Transcendental Meditation program and napping: A pilot
study. Divisions of Natural and Social Sciences, University of
California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, U.S.A., 1976.
EEG Differentiation
between Transcendental Meditation and Napping.
118. BANQUET,
J. P.; HAYNES, C.; HEBERT, R.; and REBER, B. Analysis of sleep
in altered states of consciousness by classical EEG and coherence
spectra. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 43(4):
503, E 203 (Abstract), 1977.
EEG Indications
of Lessened Sleep Requirement.
119. BANQUET,
J. P.; HAYNES, C.; HEBERT, R.; and REBER, B. Sleep and dream in
altered states of consciousness. LENA, La Salpetrietre, Paris,
France, and EEG Laboratory, Maharishi European Research University,
Seelisberg, Switzerland, 1976.
EEG Indications
of Lessened Sleep Requirement.
120. BENNETT,
J. E., and TRINDER, J. Hemispheric laterality and cognitive style
associated with Transcendental Meditation. Psychophysiology 14:
293-296, 1977.
Greater Adaptability
of Brain Functioning outside the Practice of Transcendental Meditation:
Greater Lateral EEG Asymmetry during Right and Left Hemisphere
Tasks.
121. HEBERT,
R., and LEHMANN, D. Theta bursts: An EEG pattern in normal subjects
practicing the Transcendental Meditation technique. Electroencephalography
and Clinical Neurophysiology 42: 397-405, 1977.
EEG Indications
of Increased Inner Satisfaction: Synchronous Theta Bursts.
C: Physiological
Efficiency and Stability
122. SULTAN,
S. E. A study of the ability of individuals trained in Transcendental
Meditation to achieve and maintain levels of physiological relaxation.
Master's thesis (abbr.), School of Human Behavior, United States
International University, San Diego, California, U.S.A., 1975.
Electromyographic
Evidence of Deep Muscular Relaxation; Greater Ability to Maintain
Relaxation during Activity.
123. DANIELS,
D. Comparison of the Transcendental Meditation technique to various
relaxation procedures. Department of Psychology, Washington Singer
Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England, 1976.
Improved Resistance
to Stress: Greater Autonomic Stability--Greater Stability of Skin
Resistance in Response to Stressful Stimuli. Improved Auditory
Discrimination and Greater Ability to Process Information at Speed
(Superior Dichotic Listening).
D: Health
124. LOVELL-SMITH,
H. D.; DICKIE, A.; and ROBINSON, J. Blood pressure and plasma
cholesterol levels before and after learning Transcendental Meditation.
University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand, 1975.
Reduction
of Blood Pressure to More Ideal Levels in Both Hypertensive and
Normotensive Subjects.
125. DONER,
D. W. JR. The Transcendental Meditation technique--a "self-care"
program for the dialysis/transplant patient. Findings previously
published in Journal of the American Association of Nephrology
Nurses and Technicians 3(3): 119-125, 1976.
Improved Mental
and Physical Health in Patients on a Kidney Transplant/Dialysis
Program: Decreased Blood Pressure; Decreased Anxiety; Increased
Independence; Enhanced Self-Image; Improved Sense of Well-Being.
126. FUSON,
J. W. The effect of the Transcendental Meditation program on sleeping
and dreaming patterns. Unpublished doctoral dissertation (abbr.),
Yale Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A., 1976.
Improvements
in Sleeping and Dreaming Patterns: Improved Quality of Sleep;
Decreased Time to Fall Asleep; More Rested on Awakening; Decreased
Awakenings per Night; Decreased Time to Awaken Fully; Decreased
Drowsiness; Decreased Lethargy; Decreased Daytime Napping; Decreased
Number of Dreams Remembered; Decrease in Complexity of Dreams;
Decrease in Unpleasant Emotional Content of Dreams; Decrease in
Recurring Dreams; Decreased Need for Sleep Medications. Decreased
Use of Alcohol. Improved Reported State of Mental Health. Reduced
Need for Medical Attention.
127. SUURKÜLA,
J. The Transcendental Meditation technique and the prevention
of psychiatric illness. Vasa Hospital University of Gothenburg,
Gothenburg, Sweden, 1977.
Epidemiological
Evidence for Prevention of Psychiatric Illness.
E: Motor and
Perceptual Ability, and Athletic Performance
128. GRAHAM,
J. The effects of Transcendental Meditation on auditory thresholds.
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton,
Sussex, England, 1971.
Increased
Perceptual Acuity: Improved Auditory Frequency and Amplitude Discrimination.
129. HARDESTY,
M. J. The effect of Transcendental Meditation on reaction time.
Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
1972.
Improved Mind-Body
Co-ordination: Faster Reactions (Simple and Choice Visual Reaction
Time).
130. REDDY,
M. K. The role of the Transcendental Meditation program in the
promotion of athletic excellence: Long- and short-term effects
and their relation to activation theory. Master's thesis, Centre
for the Study of Higher States of Consciousness, Maharishi European
Research University, Switzerland, 1976.
Benefits for
Athletes: A Unique State of Deep Rest during Transcendental Meditation--Decreased
Metabolic Rate (Decreased Oxygen Consumption); Increased Basal
Skin Resistance; Fewer Spontaneous Skin Resistance Responses.
Improved Physiological Functioning outside the Practice of Transcendental
Meditation--Improved Cardiovascular Efficiency; Improved Respiratory
Efficiency (Increased Vital Capacity). Improved Athletic Performance
and Neuromuscular Integration--Improved Running Speed; Improved
Standing Broad Jump; Improved Agility; Faster Reactions.
131. MARTINETTI,
R. F. Influence of Transcendental Meditation on perceptual illusion:
A pilot study. Perceptual and Motor Skills 43: 822, 1976.
Improved Perceptual
Ability: Lower Incidence of Perceptual Illusions.
PART II: PSYCHOLOGY
A: Intelligence,
Learning, and Academic Performance
132. NATARAJ,
P., and RADHAMANI, M. G. The Transcendental Meditation program
and its effects on psychological functions in secondary school
students of a rural Indian high school. Department of Psychology,
Maharani's College, Mysore, India. Research presented at the International
Conference on 'Veda and Science,' Bangalore, Karnataka, India,
25-30 June 1975.
Benefits for
High School Students: Improved Concentration; Improved Reading
Comprehension; Improved Memory.
133. OVERBECK,
K.-D., and TöNNIES, S. E. Einige Effekte der Transzendentalen
Meditation bei lernbehinderten Sonderschülern. Diplomarbeit of
first author (abbr.), Psychologisches Institut III, University
of Hamburg, Hamburg, W. Germany, 1975.
Benefits for
School Children with Learning Problems: Decreased Anxiety; Decreased
Examination Anxiety; Decreased School Dislike.
134. SCHER,
D. The effects of Transcendental Meditation on free recall. Master's
thesis (abbr.), State University College, New Paltz, New York,
U.S.A., 1975.
Improved Memory
and Organization of Memory--Effect More Pronounced in Long-Term
Meditators.
135. HARRISON,
S. D.; PAGANO, R.; and WARKENBURG, S. Meditation and right hemispheric
functioning--spatial localization. In Proceedings of the Biofeedback
Research Society, Seventh Annual Meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado,
U.S.A., 27 February-2 March 1976, p. 33 (Abstract).
More Efficient
Functioning of the Right Cerebral Hemisphere: Better Spatial Localization.
136. BERRETTINI,
R. B. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on
short-term recall performance. Master's thesis (abbr.), Department
of Education, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
1976.
Benefits for
College Students: Improved Short-Term Memory, Ability to Focus
Attention, and Spontaneous Organization of Memory.
137. HARDING,
S. D. The Transcendental Meditation program in British secondary
schools. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of
Sussex, Brighton, Sussex, England, 1976.
Decreased
Neuroticism in Secondary School Students.
138. BROWN,
M. Higher education for higher consciousness: A study of students
at Maharishi International University. Doctoral dissertation (abbr.),
University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.,
Dissertation Abstracts International 38, 649A-650A, 1976.
Benefits for
Students Resulting from Maharishi's Integrated System of Education
at Maharishi International University: Greater Interest in Academic
Activities; Greater Commitment to Higher Education; Greater Intellectual
and Scientific Orientation; Greater Aesthetic Orientation; Greater
Respect for Traditional Religious Values; Greater Optimism about
the Future of Society; Greater Altruism (Greater Commitment to
Helping Others and Improving Society); Greater Sense of Social
Responsibility; Greater Tolerance of Authority; Greater Trust;
Greater Sociability; Greater Psychological Stability; Greater
Commitment to Personal Growth; Less Anxiety; Less Impulsiveness.
139. JACKSON,
Y. Learning disorders and the Transcendental Meditation program:
Retrospects and prospects. A preliminary study with economically
deprived adolescents. Doctoral thesis (abbr.), University of Massachusetts,
Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 1977. Dissertation Abstracts International
38 (6): 3351A, 1977.
Increased
Self-Actualization in Economically Deprived Adolescents with Learning
Problems: Increased Inner-Directedness (Independence, Self-Supportiveness)3;
Increased Self-Regard. Decreased Dropout Rate from School.
140. PAGANO,
R. R., and FRUMKIN, L. R. The effect of Transcendental Meditation
on right hemispheric functioning. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation
2(4): 407-415, 1977.
Superior Synthetic
and Holistic Thinking: Enhanced Tonal Memory.
B: Development
of Personality
141. CURTIN,
T. G. The relationship between Transcendental Meditation and adaptive
regression. Doctoral thesis (abbr.), School of Education, Boston
University, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 1973.
Improved Mental
Health: Increased Capacity for 'Adaptive Regression' (Conscious
Experience of the Inner Self and Ability to Bring the Inner Self
to Healthy Expression).
142. BOESE,
E., and BERGER, K. Psychological effects of Transcendental Meditation.
Department of Behavioral Science, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center,
Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
1971.
Decreased
Number of Situations in Life Felt to Be a Problem; Decreased Number
of Serious Problems Experienced; Decreased Hostility; Enhanced
Self-Concept.
143. HAHN,
H. R., and WHALEN, T. E. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation
program on levels of hostility, anxiety, and depression. Master's
thesis (abbr.), Department of Educational Psychology, California
State University at Hayward, Hayward, California, U.S.A., 1974.
Decreased
Hostility; Decreased Anxiety; Decreased Depression.
144. ROSENTHAL,
J. M. The effect of the Transcendental Meditation program on self-actualization,
self-concept, and hypnotic susceptibility. Master's thesis (abstract),
Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii,
U.S.A., 1974.
Benefits for
University Students: Increased Self-Actualization; Enhanced Self-Concept.
145. FLOYD
III, W. T., and HAYNES, J. The influence of Transcendental Meditation
on anxiety. Master's thesis of first author (abbr.), Department
of Psychology, North Texas State University, Denton, Texas, U.S.A.,
1974.
Decreased
Anxiety.
146. WILLIS,
C. Transcendental Meditation and its influence on the self-concept.
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A., 1974.
Better Self-Concept
and Degree of Adjustment; Improved Psychological Health.
147. WEISS,
C. The immediate effect of the Transcendental Meditation technique
and theoretical reflections upon the psychology and physiology
of subjective well-being. Diplomarbeit (abbr.), Institute of Psychology,
University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken, W. Germany, 1975.
Increased
Elevated Mood; Increased Mental Clarity and Wakefulness; Increased
Readiness for Activity; Decreased Vulnerability; Decreased Nervousness;
Decreased Fatigue; Decreased Drowsiness; Decreased Lethargy; Decreased
Depressed Mood; Decreased Introversion; Decreased Aggressive Irritation.
148. GUPTA,
N. C. Effects of Transcendental Meditation on anxiety and self-concept.
Department of Educational Psychology, Ball State University, Muncie,
Indiana, U.S.A., 1974.
Enhanced Self-Concept;
Decreased Anxiety.
149. GRIGGS,
S. T. A preliminary study into the effect of Transcendental Meditation
on empathy. Master's thesis (abbr.), School of Human Behavior,
United States International University, San Diego, California,
U.S.A., 1976.
Greater Empathy.
150. THROLL,
D. A., and THROLL, L. A. The effect of a three-month residence
course upon the personalities of experienced meditators. Victoria
University, Wellington, New Zealand, 1977.
Increased
Ego Strength, Emotional Stability and Maturity, and Decreased
Overreactionary Behavior; Increased Emotional Harmony and Absence
of Regressive Behavior; Increased Emotional Strength and Lessening
of Unwelcome Thoughts or Compulsive Habits; Decreased Depression,
Showing a Calmer, More Confident Attitude; Increases in--Intelligence;
Self-Sufficiency and Resourcefulness; Contentment; Enthusiasm
for Work; Trust; Tolerant and Participating Attitude; Creativity;
Decreases in--Anxiety and Tension; Use of Alcohol; Use of Cigarettes;
Need for Tranquilizers and Other Prescribed Drugs.
151. RUSSIE,
R. E. The influence of Transcendental Meditation on positive mental
health and self-actualization; and the role of expectation, rigidity,
and self-control in the achievement of these benefits. Doctoral
thesis (abbr.), California School of Professional Psychology,
Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., 1975.
Increased
Self-Actualization: Increases in--Time Competence (Ability to
Live More Fully in the Present, Ability to Connect Past, Present,
and Future Meaningfully); Inner-Directedness (Independence, Self-Supportiveness);
Self-Actualizing Value (Holding of Values of Self-Actualizing
People); Feeling Reactivity (Sensitivity to One's Own Needs and
Feelings); Spontaneity; Self-Regard; Self-Acceptance; Capacity
for Intimate Contact (Capacity for Warm Interpersonal Relationships).
152. MADSEN,
W. C. Transcendental Meditation and the flexibility of constructions
of reality. Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo
Alto, California, U.S.A., 1976.
Greater Open-Mindedness:
Greater Flexibility of Constructions of Reality.
153. THROLL,
D. A. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique upon
adolescent personality. Master's thesis (abbr.), Victoria University,
Wellington, New Zealand, 1978.
Increased
Self-Actualization: Increases in--Time Competence (Ability to
Live More Fully in the Present, Ability to Connect Past, Present,
and Future Meaningfully); Inner-Directedness (Independence, Self-Supportiveness);
Self-Actualizing Value (Holding of Values of Self-Actualizing
People); Feeling Reactivity (Sensitivity to One's Own Needs and
Feelings); Spontaneity; Self-Regard; Nature of Man is Constructive
(Ability to See Man as Essentially Good); Capacity for Intimate
Contact (Capacity for Warm Interpersonal Relationships). Increased
Ego Strength and Emotional Maturity, Decreased Overreactionary
Behavior; Increased Boldness and Self-Sufficiency, Decreased Inhibition;
Increased Self-Reliance, Practicality, Realism, and Logical Behavior;
Increased Tolerant and Conciliatory Attitudes; Decreased Instability,
Insomnia, and Hypochondriacal and Neurasthenic Symptoms; Increased
Self-Control, Persistence, Foresight, Consideration of Others,
and Regard for Etiquette; Increased Relaxed, Unfrustrated, Guilt-Free
Behavior; Increased Outgoingness and Tendency to Participate;
Decreased Anxiety; Increased Self-Sufficiency. Decreased Need
for Sleep Medication and Pain Relievers; Decreased Use of Cigarettes;
Decreased Use of Alcohol; Decreased Drug Abuse.
154. DILLBECK,
M. C. The effect of the Transcendental Meditation technique on
anxiety level. Journal of Clinical Psychology 33(4): 1076-1078,
1977.
Decreased
Anxiety in University Students.
155. BOSMAJIAN,
L. S. Role of expectancy and pretreatment personality in subjects'
self-actualizing changes while practicing Transcendental Meditation.
Doctoral thesis (abbr.), Department of Psychology, The George
Washington University, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., 1977.
Increased
Self-Actualization: Increases in--Time Competence (Ability to
Live More Fully in the Present, Ability to Connect Past and Present
Meaningfully); Inner-Directedness (Independence, Self-Supportiveness).
156. NYSTUL,
M. S., and GARDE, M. Comparison of self-concepts of Transcendental
Meditators and nonmeditators. Psychological Reports 41: 303-306,
1977.
Enhanced Self-Concept:
Less Likely to Qualify Self-Description; Fewer Personality Defects;
Greater Self-Esteem; Better Opinion of Oneself; Greater Self-Satisfaction;
Greater Sense of Personal Worth; Greater Satisfaction with One's
Moral Worth and Relationship to God and Religion.
PART III:
SOCIOLOGY
A: Rehabilitation
157. CANDELENT,
T., and CANDELENT, G. Teaching Transcendental Meditation in a
psychiatric setting. Hospital & Community Psychiatry 26(3):
156-159, 1975.
Benefits for
Psychiatric Patients with Schizophrenia, Neurosis, Personality
Disorders, and Alcohol and Drug Problems: Decreased Anxiety and
Tension; Decreased Overactive or Impulsive Behavior; Improved
Sleep Patterns (Decreased Awakenings per Night, Improved Quality
of Sleep).
158. RAMIREZ,
J. The Transcendental Meditation program as a possible treatment
modality for drug offenders: Evaluation of a pilot project at
Milan Federal Correctional Institution. Department of Forensic
Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A., 1975.
Rehabilitation
of Imprisoned Drug Offenders: Enhanced Self-Esteem; Indications
of Increased Emotional Stability and Maturity--Decreased Depression;
Decreased Neuroticism; Decreased Guilt; Decreased Psychasthenia;
Decreased Hypomania; Decreased Schizophrenia; Increased Social
Responsibility. Indications of Decreased Aggression--Decreased
Hostility; Decreased Assault; Decreased Irritability; Decreased
Suspicion; Decreased Resentment; Decreased Psychopathic Deviation.
159. BLOOMFIELD,
H. H., and KORY, R. The Transcendental Meditation program, spiritual
crisis and enlightenment. Findings previously published in Holistic
way to health and happiness: A new approach to complete lifetime
wellness. 243-259. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1978.
Resolution
of Spiritual Crisis through Development of Integration of Personality:
Growth of Enlightenment.
160. FERGUSON,
R. E. The Transcendental Meditation program at Massachusetts Correctional
Institution Walpole: An evaluation report. Institute for Social
Rehabilitation, Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.,
1977.
Rehabilitation
of Prisoners: Decreased Anxiety; Decreased Hostility; Decreased
Prison Disciplinary Rule Infractions; Improved Sleep Patterns
(Decreased Time to Fall Asleep, Decreased Awakenings per Night,
Improved Quality of Sleep).
161. FERGUSON,
R. E. A self-report evaluation of the effects of the Transcendental
Meditation program at Massachusetts Correctional Institution Walpole--a
follow-up. Institute for Social Rehabilitation, Pacific Palisades,
Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., 1978.
Rehabilitation
of Prisoners: Increased Work Efficiency; Increased Ability to
Handle Stress and Tension; Increased Ability to Deal with Others;
Decreased Use of Alcohol and Prescribed and Non-Prescribed Drugs;
Decreased Use of Cigarettes; Decreased Drug Abuse.
162. DHANARAJ,
H. The influence of Transcendental Meditation on cessation of
drug use: Some preliminary findings. Findings previously published
in RODA Summer Scholarship Abstracts, National Health and Welfare,
Canada, 1973.
Decreased
Drug Abuse; Decreased Use of Cigarettes; Decreased Use of Alcohol.
163. MONAHAN,
R. J. Secondary prevention of drug dependence through the Transcendental
Meditation program in metropolitan Philadelphia. The International
Journal of the Addictions 12(6): 729-754, 1977.
Decreased
Drug Abuse; Decreased Use of Cigarettes; Decreased Use of Alcohol;
Decreased Use of Caffeine; Decreased Need for Tranquillizers and
Other Prescribed Drugs.
B: Productivity
and Quality of Life
164. JONSSON,
C. Organizational development through the Transcendental Meditation
program: A study of relationships between the Transcendental Meditation
program and certain efficiency criteria. Unpublished master's
thesis (abbr.), Department of Business Administration, Stockholm
University, Stockholm, Sweden, 1975.
Fulfillment
of Goals of Organizational Development: Ability to Accomplish
More with Less Effort; Greater Alertness, Attentiveness, and Initiative;
Greater Self-Confidence; Greater Decision Making Ability; Greater
Ability to Assign Priorities; Greater Ease in Making Contacts
with Other People; Greater Ability to Cooperate with Others and
Greater Respect for the Views of Others; Greater Tolerance; Less
Easily Irritated; Less Often Angry; Less Tendency to Worry about
Other People's Opinions; Less Often Tired.
165. SUAREZ,
V. W. The relationship of the practice of Transcendental Meditation
to subjective evaluations of marital satisfaction and adjustment.
Unpublished master's thesis (abbr.), School of Education, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., 1976.
Greater Marital
Satisfaction: Greater Adjustment; Greater Happiness and Harmony;
Greater Intimacy; Greater Acceptance of One's Spouse; Greater
Admiration of One's Spouse; Greater Agreement on Conduct and Recreation.
166. HATCHARD,
G. Influence of the Transcendental Meditation program on crime
rate in suburban Cleveland. Cleveland World Plan Center, Cleveland,
Ohio, U.S.A., 1977.
Improved Quality
of City Life: Decreased Crime Rate in Suburban Communities (U.S.A.,
1974-1976).
PART IV: REVIEW
PAPERS
Papers 167
to 189 review the application of the Transcendental Meditation
and TM-Sidhi program in the areas of health, education, development
of personality, rehabilitation, and quality of life.
A: Health
167. GRÄF,
H.-D. Transzendentale Meditation--ein Weg in der psychophysischen
Therapie. Ärzteblatt Baden-Württemberg (6), 1975 .
The physiological,
psychological, and sociological benefits resulting from the practice
of the Transcendental Meditation technique are reviewed and its
value both in clinical practice and for society as a whole are
emphasized.
168. TOANE,
E. B. The Transcendental Meditation program. Journal of the Canadian
Medical Association 114: 1095-1096, 1976.
The author
discusses results of research on the Transcendental Meditation
program and gives examples from his own experience of the benefits
of Transcendental Meditation for the patient and the doctor.
169. STUTZ,
E. Transzendentale Meditation in der Medizin. Medizinische Klinik
72(20): 905-908, 1977.
The benefits
of Transcendental Meditation for physiological functioning are
reviewed and their value in clinical medicine is emphasized.
170. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W. EEG coherence during Transcendental consciousness. Electroencephalography
and Clinical Neurophysiology 43(4): 581-582, E 487 (Abstract),
1977.
Very high
EEG coherence, indicating increased orderliness of brain functioning,
was found to be characteristic of the experience of Transcendental
consciousness during Transcendental Meditation. High correlations
were found between: 1) coherence, 2) creativity, 3) clarity of
experience of Transcendental consciousness, 4) H-reflex recovery,
and 5) suspension of respiration.
171. RIGBY,
B. Higher states of consciousness through the Transcendental Meditation
program: A literature review. Department of Psychiatry, Maharishi
European Research University, Seelisberg, Switzerland. Rheinweiler,
W. Germany: MERU Press, 1978.
The paper
presents a concise review of research on higher states of consciousness
developed through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program
and discusses the profound benefits of this program for the development
of perfect health for both the individual and society.
172. GRÄF,
D. Die Technik der Transzendentalen Meditation und ihre Wirkungen
auf die Gesundheit. Erfahrungsheilkunde 27(3): 99-102, 1978.
The benefits
of Transcendental Meditation for physiological functioning and
their importance for health are reviewed.
173. KANELLAKOS,
D. P. Transcendental consciousness: Expanded awareness as a means
of preventing and eliminating the effects of stress. In Stress
and anxiety, C.D. Speilberger and I.G. Sarason (Eds.), Vol. 5,
pp. 261-315. Washington, D.C.: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation,
1978.
The paper
reviews the beneficial effects of the Transcendental Meditation
program in the light of their importance for the prevention and
elimination of stress and expansion of individual consciousness.
174. GRÄF,
D. Die Transzendentale Meditation (TM) und ihre therapeutischen
Mögichkeiten. Zeitschrift für Allgemeinmedizin 54(12): 701-709,
1978.
Research findings
on the Transcendental Meditation program are discussed with respect
to its benefits in the fields of health and social welfare.
175. KROENER,
D. Transzendentale Meditation und ihre Indikationen für den niedergelassenen
Arzt. Biologische Medizin 9(3): 122-127, 1980.
The benefits
of the Transcendental Meditation program in medical practice are
described with particular reference to the alleviation of stress-related
illness and psychosomatic complaints.
B: Education
176. LEVINE,
P. H. Transcendental Meditation and the Science of Creative Intelligence.
Phi Delta Kappan 54(4): 231-235, 1972.
The Science
of Creative Intelligence and its practical aspect the Transcendental
Meditation program are discussed in the light of their implications
for resolving the problems in education.
177. DRISCOLL,
F. TM as a secondary school subject. Phi Delta Kappan 54(4): 236-237,
1972.
A U.S. public
school superintendent outlines his successful experience of introducing
Transcendental Meditation into the adult education program of
his area and at a senior high school. Improved grades, improved
relationships with family, teachers, and peers, and disappearance
of drug abuse are reported.
178. PRICE,
J. F. Education and the Science of Creative Intelligence. Vestes:
the Australian Universities' Review 17(1): 28-37, 1974.
The author
presents the Science of Creative Intelligence as a fundamental
interdisciplinary approach to education and outlines its great
practical value in improving the quality of life in the light
of scientific research on the Transcendental Meditation program.
179. CLEMENTS,
G., and RIGBY, B. P. The Science of Creative Intelligence offers
fulfillment in education: Self-realization found in the simplest
form of awareness--the field of all possibilities. Paper presented
at the Seventh World Congress, International Association for the
Advancement of Educational Research, Gent, Belgium, July 1977.
Rheinweiler, W. Germany: MERU Press, 1977.
The paper
discusses the educational programs of Maharishi European Research
University for unfolding the full potential of consciousness in
every student, and developing a unified understanding of all fields
of knowledge through the Science of Creative Intelligence and
its practical aspect, the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
program. The authors propose that the implementation of this scientifically
validated program in all areas of education will bring fulfillment
to the goals of every system of education.
C: Personality
180. SHELLY,
M. Meditation and the great evolution. Department of Psychology,
University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A., 1972.
Transcendental
Meditation is seen as an important method of increasing satisfaction
and happiness.
D: Rehabilitation
181. KNIFFKI,
K.-D. Transzendentale Meditation--TM--u.a. eine nichtchemische
Meth-ode gegen Drogenmilßbrauch. Niedersachsisches Ärzteblatt
44(24): 805-809, 1971.
Transcendental
Meditation is discussed as a highly effective method to combat
drug abuse.
182. COX,
S. B. Transcendental Meditation and the criminal justice system.
Kentucky Law Journal 60(2), 1971-1972.
The Transcendental
Meditation technique is introduced as an effective means for criminal
and drug rehabilitation.
183. SYKES,
D. E. Transcendental Meditation--as applied to criminal justice
reform, drug rehabilitation and society in general. The University
of Maryland Law Forum 3(2), 1973.
The benefits
of Transcendental Meditation for mind, body, social behavior and
world harmony are discussed. On this basis the application of
the Transcendental Meditation program in prison and drug rehabilitation
is proposed.
184. MARCUS,
J. B. Transcendental Meditation: A new method of reducing drug
abuse. Drug Forum 3(2): 113-136, 1974.
Research demonstrates
that Transcendental Meditation is effective in the treatment and
prevention of drug abuse.
185. FULLERMAN,
F. J. The Transcendental Meditation program: New hope for criminal
rehabilitation. United States Probation Officer, United States
District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Illinois, U.S.A.
Paper presented at the First International Conference on Criminology
and Consciousness, Maharishi International University, Fairfield,
Iowa, U.S.A., 29-30 October 1977.
The unique
effectiveness of the Transcendental Meditation program in the
rehabilitation of prisoners is discussed on the basis of research
projects conducted in U.S. prisons. The author proposes the introduction
of Transcendental Meditation in the probation and parole systems.
186. KANELLAKOS,
D. P.; RIGBY, B. P.; BLOOMFIELD, H. H.; CHARLES, B. M.; CLEMENTS,
G.; DAVIS, B. V.; and MEAD, G. Enlightenment for ideal rehabilitation:
Expansion of consciousness as the basis of the restoration of
creative intelligence. The effectiveness of the Transcendental
Meditation program for rehabilitation. Paper presented at the
Third International Conference on Drug Dependency, Liverpool,
England, 6 April 1976. Rheinweiler, W. Germany: MERU Press, 1976.
The authors
propose that the development of enlightenment through the Transcendental
Meditation program is the ideal means of rehabilitation. Scientific
research on Transcendental Meditation is examined in the light
of its application for the restoration of the full creative intelligence
of the individual.
187. STUTZ,
E. Transzendentale Meditation in der Behandlung Drogenabhängiger.
Das öffentliche Gesundheilswesen 39: 759-766, 1977.
The Transcendental
Meditation program is found to be effective in drug rehabilitation.
188. RIGBY,
B. Enlightenment in world psychiatry: The Transcendental Meditation
technique--new light on consciousness. Paper presented at The
Sixth World Congress of Psychiatry, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A.,
28 August-3 September 1977. Rheinweiler, W. Germany: MERU Press,
1977.
A review of
research reveals that enlightenment--the state of fully developed
human consciousness resulting from the regular practice of the
Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program--fulfills the highest
goals of psychiatry and medicine in bringing perfect health to
both the individual and society--the basis for world peace.
E: Quality
of Life
189. BAUMANN,
E. Neurophysiologische Integration als Grundlage für Lernen und
Arbeiten in der Ökologie. Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ökologie,
Kiel 1977, 6: 557-560, 1978.
The integrated
functioning of the nervous system, developed through Transcendental
Meditation, is discussed as the basis of a holistic and all encompassing
view of the environment and of life in accord with natural law.
SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH ON MAHARISHI'S TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION AND TM-SIDHI
PROGRAM
VOLUME
3
CHALMERS,
R. A.; CLEMENTS, G.; SCHENKLUHN, H.; and WEINLESS, M., eds. Scientific
research on Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
program: Collected papers, vol. 3. Vlodrop, the Netherlands: MVU
Press, 1989.
PART I: PHYSIOLOGY
The Studies
in the First Two Sections Document Changes during the Practice
of the Transcendental Meditation Technique Unless Otherwise Stated.
A: Metabolic,
Biochemical, and Cardiovascular Changes
190. JEVNING,
R.; WILSON, A. F.; and DAVIDSON, J. M. Adrenocortical activity
during meditation. Hormones and Behavior 10(1): 54-60, 1978.
Reduction
in Biochemical Index of Stress: Decreased Plasma Cortisol Levels.
191. JEVNING,
R.; WILSON, A. F.; and SMITH, W. R. The Transcendental Meditation
technique, adrenocortical activity, and implications for stress.
Experientia 34: 618-619, 1978.
Reduction
in Biochemical Index of Stress: Decreased Plasma Cortisol Levels.
192. JEVNING,
R.; WILSON, A. F.; and VANDER LAAN, E. F. Plasma prolactin and
growth hormone during meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine 40(4):
329-333, 1978.
Change in
Hormonal Balance: Small Increase in Plasma Prolactin Levels following
Transcendental Meditation.
193. BAUHOFER,
U. Die kreislaufphysiologischen Auswirkungen bei der Transzendentalen
Meditation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Würzburg, Würzburg, W. Germanv. 1978.
Changes in
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume.
194. JEVNING,
R.; WILSON, A. F.; SMITH, W. R.; and MORTON, M. E. Redistribution
of blood flow in acute hypometabolic behavior. American Journal
of Physiology 235(1): R89-R92, 1978.
Changes in
Regional Blood Flow and Cardiac Output Indicative of Increased
Blood Flow to the Brain. Reduction in Biochemical Index of Stress:
Decreased Arterial Lactate Levels. Indication of Deep Rest: Decreased
Respiratory Minute Volume.
195. JEVNING,
R., and WILSON, A. F. Behavioral increase of cerebral blood flow.
The Physiologist 21: 60 (Abstract), 1978.
Large Increase
in Blood Flow to the Brain.
196. ARNHOLD,
E.; CHARLES, B. M.; GANDHI, J. S.; BRAGG, M. C.; and RIGBY, B.
P. Endocrinological changes following instruction in the TM-Sidhi
program. In XIVth International Congress of Internal Medicine
Abstracts, Rome, Italy, October 1978, p. 363. Amsterdam: Excerpta
Medica.
Changes in
Hormonal Balance as a Result of the TM-Sidhi Program: Short- and
Long-Term Changes in Pituitary Hormone Levels Indicative of Increased
Sensitivity in Endocrine Control Systems.
197. SEVEREIDE,
C. J. Physiological and phenomenological aspects of Transcendental
Meditation. Master's thesis (abbr.), Department of Psychology,
University of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway, 1979.
Experience
of Pure Consciousness Associated with: Marked Reductions in Respiration
and Heart Rates; Periodic Breath Suspension; Absence of Spontaneous
Skin Resistance Responses. Maintenance of Relaxed Style of Physiological
Functioning Outside of Meditation: Fewer Spontaneous Skin Resistance
Responses.
198. LANG,
R.; DEHOF, K.; MEURER, K. A.; and KAUFMANN, W. Sympathetic activity
and Transcendental Meditation. Journal of Neural Transmission
44: 117-135, 1979.
Integration
of Opposite Styles of Physiological Functioning: Simultaneous
Increased Activity of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Branches
of Autonomic Nervous System.
199. BEVAN,
A. J. W.; SYMONS, R. G.; BENG, C. G.; and WELLBY, M. L. Short-term
endocrine changes in Transcendental Meditation. Proceedings of
the Endocrine Society of Australia 2 (Abstract 56), 1979.
Changes in
Hormonal Balance: Decreased Serum Growth Hormone Levels.
200. BEVAN,
A. J. W. Endocrine changes in Transcendental Meditation. Clinical
and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 7: 75-76 (Abstract),
1980.
Biochemical
Indications of Reduced Stress: Decreased Serum Growth Hormone
Levels; Decreased Serum Cortisol Levels; Decreased Serum Triiodothyronine
Levels.
201. ROBERTSON,
D. W., and PETERSON, J. W. Change in cardiac output during Transcendental
Meditation as measured by noninvasive impedance plethysmography.
Departments of Physical Education and Biomedical Engineering,
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, U.S.A., 1980.
Changes in
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume.
202. SUBRAHMANYAM,
S., and PORKODI, K. Neurohumoral correlates of Transcendental
Meditation. Journal of Biomedicine 1: 73-88, 1980.
Changes in
Biochemical and Hormonal Balance outside the Practice of Transcendental
Meditation: Decreased Levels of Catecholamine and Steroid Metabolites;
Decreased Plasma Cortisol Levels. Improved Cardiovascular Health:
Decreased Serum Cholesterol Levels. Benefits for Patients with
Aggressive Behavior, Mental Retardation, and Epilepsy: Normalization
of Neurotransmitter Metabolite Levels, Plasma Cortisol Levels,
and EEG Features; Decreased Aggression in Aggressive Patients;
Improved IQ and Cognitive Functioning in Mentally Retarded Subjects;
Reduction of Frequency and Severity of Epileptic Seizures in Epileptic
Patients.
203. JEVNING,
R.; WILSON, A. F.; and PIRKLE, H. C. Behavioral control of red
blood cell metabolism. Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and
Pathology, University of California at Irvine, Orange, California,
U.S.A., 1981.
Fundamental
Change in Cellular Metabolism: Reduced Glucose Metabolism in Red
Blood Cells.
204. WALTON,
K. G.; LEROM, M.; SALERNO, J.; and WALLACE, R. K. Practice of
the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi program may affect
the circadian rhythm of urinary 5-hydroxyindole excretion. Society
for Neuroscience Abstracts 7: 48, 1981.
Changes in
Serotonergic Activity: Increased Urinary 5-Hydroxyindole Excretion.
205. FARROW,
J. T., and, Hebert J. R. Breath suspension during the Transcendental
Meditation technique. Psychosomatic Medicine 44(2):133-153, 1982.
Experience
of Pure Consciousness Associated with: Periodic Breath Suspension;
Marked Reductions in Metabolic Rate (Oxygen Consumption and Carbon
Dioxide Elimination), Mean Respiration Rate, and Minute Ventilation
Rate; Reduced Heart Rate; Increased Basal Skin Resistance; Stable
Phasic Skin Resistance; Increased EEG Coherence in Theta, Alpha
and Beta Bands.
206. WERNER,
O.; WALLACE, R. K.; CHARLES, B.; JANSSEN, G.; and CHALMERS, R.
Endocrine balance and the TM-Sidhi program. Maharishi European
Research University, Seelisberg, Switzerland, and Department of
Biology, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa,
U.S.A., 1982.
Changes in
Hormonal Balance as a Result of the TM-Sidhi Program: Short- and
Long-Term Changes in Pituitary Hormone Levels Indicative of Increased
Stability and Sensitivity in Endocrine Control Systems.
207. JEVNING,
R.; WILSON, A. F.; and O'HALLORAN, J. P. Muscle and skin blood
flow and metabolism during states of decreased activation. Physiology
& Behavior 29(2): 343-348, 1982.
Indication
of Deep Rest: Decreased Oxygen Consumption in Muscle Tissue.
208. O'HALLORAN,
J. P.; JEVNING, R. A.; WILSON, A. F.; SKOWSKY, R.; and ALEXANDER,
C. N. Behaviorally induced secretion of arginine vasopressin.
Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California
at Irvine, Orange, California, U.S.A.; Department of Endocrinology,
Long Beach Veteran's Administration Hospital, Long Beach, California,
U.S.A.; and Department of Psychology and Social Relations, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 1983.
Changes in
Hormonal Balance: Increased Plasma Vasopressin Levels at Regular
Twice Daily Practice of Transcendental Meditation. Indication
of Deep Rest: Increased Basal Skin Resistance. Lower State and
Trait Anxiety.
B: Electrophysiological
and Electroencephalographic Changes
209. KEMMERLING,
T. Wirkung der Transzendentalen Meditation auf den Muskeltonus.
Psychopathometrie 4: 437-438, 1978.
Electromyographic
Evidence of Deep Muscular Relaxation.
210. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W. EEG coherence and the TM-Sidhi program. Maharishi International
University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A. Abstract presented at the
American Psychological Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
28 August 1978.
Increased
Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning as a Result of
the TM-Sidhi Program: Longitudinal Increases in Interhemispheric
EEG Coherence.
211. ROUZERÉ,
A.-M.; BADAWI, K.; and HARTMANN, R. High amplitude fronto-central
alpha and theta activity during the Transcendental Meditation
technique. Department of Neurophysiology, Maharishi European Research
University, Seelisberg, Switzerland, 1979.
Increased
Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning: Bursts of High
Amplitude EEG Alpha and Theta Activity in Frontal and Central
Regions.
212. CHENARD,
J.-R. A controlled study of the influence of Transcendental Meditation
on a specific value of the H-reflex (Hoffman reflex) recruitment
curve and the surface EMG. Centre d'études universitaires dans
l'Ouest Québécois, University of Quebec, Rouyn, Quebec, Canada,
1979.
Electromyographic
Evidence of Deep Muscular Relaxation; Reduction in Amplitude of
H-Reflex .
213. BADAWI,
K.; WALLACE, R. K.; ORME-JOHNSON, D.; and ROUZERÉ, A.-M. Electrophysiologic
characteristics of respiratory suspension periods occurring during
the practice of the Transcendental Meditation program. Psychosomatic
Medicine 46(3): 267-276, 1984.
Experience
of Pure Consciousness Associated with Periodic Breath Suspension
and High EEG Coherence.
214. MCEVOY,
T. M.; FRUMKlN, L. R.; and HARKINS, S. W. Effects of meditation
on brainstem auditory evoked potentials. International Journal
of Neuroscience 10: 165-170, 1980.
Changes in
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials following the Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program Suggesting Improved Processing
of Auditory Information.
215. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W.; WALLACE, R. K.; and DILLBECK, M. C. Longitudinal effects
of the TM-Sidhi program on EEG phase coherence. Departments of
Psychology and Biology, Maharishi International University, Fairfield,
Iowa, U.S.A., 1980.
Increased
Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning as a Result of
the TM-Sidhi Program: Longitudinal Increases in EEG Alpha and
Theta Coherence.
216. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W., and HAYNES, C. T. EEG phase coherence, pure consciousness,
creativity, and TM-Sidhi experiences. International Journal of
Neuroscience 13: 211-217, 1981.
Clear Experiences
of Pure Consciousness and TM-Sidhis Correlated with Higher Frontal
EEG Alpha Coherence and Greater Creativity.
217. DILLBECK,
M. C., and BRONSON, E. C. Short-term longitudinal effects of the
Transcendental Meditation technique on EEG power and coherence.
International Journal of Neuroscience 14: 147-151, 1981.
Increased
Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning: Longitudinal
Increase in Frontal EEG Alpha Coherence.
218. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W. Does the nervous system have a ground state? A description
of high EEG coherence events in a single subject. Department of
Psychology, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa,
U.S.A., 1981.
Experience
of Pure Consciousness Associated with Overall High EEG Coherence.
219. DILLBECK,
M. C.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; and WALLACE, R. K. Frontal EEG coherence,
H-reflex recovery, concept learning, and the TM-Sidhi program.
International Journal of Neuroscience 15: 151-157, 1981.
Improved Efficiency
of Concept Learning as a Result of the TM-Sidhi Program; Correlations
between High Frontal EEG Alpha and Theta Coherence, Greater Neurological
Efficiency (Faster H-Reflex Recovery), and Greater Flexibility
of Concept Learning.
220. ALEXANDER,
C. N., and LARIMORE, W. E. Distinguishing between Transcendental
Meditation and sleep according to electrophysiological criteria.
Department of Psychology and Social Relations, Harvard University,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A., and The Analytic Sciences Corporation,
Reading, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 1981.
EEG Differentiation
between Transcendental Meditation and Napping.
221. NIDICH,
S. I.; ABRAMS, A.; JONES, C.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; and WALLACE,
R. K. Neurophysiological entry characteristics: Correlation between
EEG coherence and math achievement with subjects practicing the
TM program. Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa,
U.S.A., 1981.
High Frontal
EEG Alpha Coherence Correlated with Superior Performance in Mathematics.
222. ORME-JOHNSON,
D.W.; DILLBECK, M. C.; WALLACE, R. K.; and LANDRITH III, G. S.
Intersubject EEG coherence: Is consciousness a field? International
Journal of Neuroscience 16: 203-209, 1982.
Physiological
Correlate of Increased Coherence in Collective Consciousness:
Increased Intersubject EEG Coherence Due to Long-Range Influence
of Group Practice of the TM-Sidhi Program.
223. NIDICH,
S. I.; RYNCARZ, R. A.; ABRAMS, A. I.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; and
WALLACE, R. K. Kohlbergian cosmic perspective responses, EEG coherence,
and the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Journal
of Moral Education 12(3): 166-173, 1983.
High Frontal
Alpha EEG Coherence Correlated with High Levels of Principled
Moral Reasoning and Unified Cosmic Perspective on Life.
224. BERESFORD,
M., and CLEMENTS, G. Real time EEG coherence analysis of the Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Department of Neurophysiology,
MERU Research Institute, Mentmore, Buckinghamshire, England, 1983.
Increased
Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning: Increased EEG
Coherence in Alpha, Theta, and Beta Bands; Further Increases during
the TM-Sidhi Program.
225. BERESFORD,
M.; JEDRCZAK, A.; TOOMEY, M.; and CLEMENTS, G. EEG coherence,
age-related psychological variables, and the Transcendental Meditation
and TM-Sidhi program. Departments of Neurophysiology and Psychology,
MERU Research Institute, Mentmore, Buckinghamshire, England, 1983.
Correlations
between High EEG Coherence and Superior Performance on Age-Related
Psychological Variables: Fluency; Motor Speed; Reaction Time;
Shape Memory; Flexibility. Length of Time Practicing TM-Sidhi
Program Predictive of Higher Mean Right Alpha Coherence.
The Studies
in the Following Sections Document Changes outside the Practice
of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program.
C: Physiological
Efficiency and Stability
226. MILLS,
P. J., and WALLACE, R. K. The effect of the Transcendental Meditation
and TM-Sidhi program on the paired Hoffman reflex. Department
of Biology, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa,
U.S.A., 1978.
Enhanced Neurological
Efficiency as a Result of the TM-Sidhi Program: Facilitation of
the Paired H-Reflex.
227. WARSHAL,
D. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on normal
and Jendrassik reflex time. Perceptual and Motor Skills 50: 1103-1106,
1980.
Enhanced Neuromuscular
Efficiency: Decreased Reflex Latency and Reflex Motor Time.
228. MILLS,
W. W., and FARROW, J. T. The Transcendental Meditation technique
and acute experimental pain. Psychosomatic Medicine 43(2): 157-164,
1981.
Reduced Pain-Related
Distress.
229. WALLACE,
R. K.; MILLS, P. J.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; DILLBECK, M. C.; and
JACOBE, E. Modification of the paired H reflex through the Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Experimental Neurology 79: 77-86,
1983.
Enhanced Neurological
Efficiency as a Result of the TM-Sidhi Program: Facilitation of
the Paired H-Reflex.
230. WALLACE,
R. K.; MILLS, P. J.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; DILLBECK, M. C.; and
JACOBE, E. The paired H reflex and its correlation with EEG coherence
and academic performance in normal subjects practicing meditation.
Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 8: 537, 1982.
Correlations
between High EEG Coherence, Enhanced Neurological Efficiency (Paired
H-Reflex Recovery), and Superior Academic Performance.
231. WALLACE,
R. K.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; MILLS, P. J.; DILLBECK, M. C.; and
JACOBE, E. The relationship between the paired Hoffman reflex
and academic achievement in participants of the Transcendental
Meditation (TM) program. Departments of Biology and Psychology,
Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1980.
Enhanced Neurological
Efficiency (Paired H-Reflex Recovery) Correlated with Superior
Academic Performance.
D: Health
232. GRÄF,
D., and PFISTERER, G. Der Nutzen der Technik der Transzendentalen
Meditation für die ärztliche Praxis. Erfahrungsheilkunde 9: 594-596,
1978.
Case History
of Benefits for Patient Recovering from Severe Illness, Including
Severe Bronchial Asthma and Heart Disease.
233. COOPER,
M. J., and AYGEN, M. M. Effect of Transcendental Meditation on
serum cholesterol and blood pressure. Findings previously published
in Harefuah, the Journal of the Israel Medical Association, 95(1):
1-2, 1978.
Improved Cardiovascular
Health: Decreased Serum Cholesterol Levels in Normal and Hypercholesterolaemic
Patients; Reduction of Blood Pressure to More Ideal Levels in
Normotensive Subjects.
234. HEIDELBERG,
R. Transzendentale Meditation in der geburtshilflichen Psychoprophylaxe.
Doctoral dissertation (abbr.), Medical Faculty, Free University
of Berlin, West Berlin, W. Germany, 1979.
Better Health
for Mother and Child during Pregnancy and Childbirth: Fewer Medical
Complaints during Pregnancy; Less Pain and Anxiety during Pregnancy
and Childbirth; Shorter Duration of Labour; Lower Frequency of
Vacuum or Forceps Delivery and Other Operative Interventions during
Labour; Greater Frequency and Longer Duration of Breast-Feeding.
235. AGARWAL,
B. L., and KHARBANDA, A. Effect of Transcendental Meditation on
mild and moderate hypertension. Postgraduate Department of Medicine,
M.L.N. Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Paper
presented at the VIIth Asian-Pacific Congress on Cardiology, Bangkok,
Thailand, November 1979.
Improved Cardiovascular
Health: Decreased Blood Pressure in Patients with Mild and Moderate
Hypertension.
236. COOPER,
M. J., and AYGEN, M. M. Transcendental Meditation in the management
of hypercholesterolemia. Journal of Human Stress 5(4): 24-27,
1979.
Improved Cardiovascular
Health: Long-Term Reductions in Serum Cholesterol in Hypercholesterolaemic
Patients.
237. SEILER,
G., and SEILER, V. The effects of Transcendental Meditation on
periodontal tissue. Journal of the American Society of Psychosomatic
Dentistry and Medicine 26(1): 8-12, 1979.
Better Periodontal
Health.
238. KIRTANE,
L. Transcendental Meditation: A multipurpose tool in clinical
practice. General medical practice, Poona, Maharashtra, India,
1980.
Benefits in
General Medical Practice: Improvements in General Health and in
a Wide Variety of Physical and Mental Disorders Including Hypertension;
Angina Pectoris; Bronchial Asthma; Chronic Bronchitis; Diabetes
Mellitus; Menorrhagia; Periodontal Inflammation; Recurrent Upper
Respiratory Infections; Allergic Rhinitis; Chronic Back Pain;
Rheumatoid Arthritis; Dyspepsia; Chronic Colitis; Insomnia; Chronic
Headaches; Anxiety; Depression; Fatigue; Obesity. Decreased Need
for Tranquilizers, Sleep Medications, Anti-Asthmatics, Anti-Hypertensives,
and Drugs for Hypertension, Asthma, and Heart Disease. Increased
Cooperation with Medical Advice. Recovery from Major Illness,
Chronic Musculo-Skeletal Complaints.
239. FARINELLI,
L. Possibilita di applicazioni della tecnologia della coscienza
in aspetti di medicina preventiva: Una ricerca pilota. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation (abbr.), Faculty of Medicine and Surgery,
University of Padova at Verona, Verona, Italy, 1981.
Multiple Improvements
in Physical and Mental Health: Fewer Infectious Diseases; Better
Health of the Respiratory and Digestive Systems; Less Eczema and
Fewer Allergic Reactions; Less Depression; Greater Self-Actualization;
Greater Self-Esteem; Better Social Relationships; Less Nervousness;
Less Insomnia; Lower Use of Tranquilizers, Sleep Medication, and
Analgesics; Fewer Accidents; Lower Usage of Cigarettes, Alcohol,
Non-Prescribed Drugs, and Coffee.
240. YEE,
A. C., and DISSANAYAKE, A. S. Glucose tolerance and the Transcendental
Meditation program (a pilot study). MERU Research Institute, Singapore,
and Department of Physiology, University of Singapore, Singapore.
Paper presented at the International Congress on Research on Higher
States of Consciousness at the Faculty of Science, Mahidol University,
Bangkok, Thailand, 4-6 December 1980.
Improved Blood
Sugar Homeostasis as Measured by Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.
241. OVERBECK,
K.-D. Auswirkungen der Technik der Transzendentalen Meditation
(TM) auf die psychische und psychosomatische Befindlichkeit. Psychotherapie-Psychosomatik
Medizinische Psychologie 32(6): 188-192, 1982.
Decreased
Psychosomatic Complaints; Decreased Musculo-skeletal Complaints;
Decreased Limitations Caused by Physical and General Ailments;
Increased Efficiency; Increased Emotional Stability; Decreased
Use of Medicines and Non-Prescribed Drugs; Decreased Over-Sensitivity.
242. WALLACE,
R. K.; DILLBECK, M.; JACOBE, E.; and HARRINGTON, B. The effects
of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program on the aging
process. International Journal of Neuroscience 16: 53-58, 1982.
Reversal of
Biological Aging: Younger Biological Age Compared with Control
Subjects and Population Norms. Length of Time Practicing Transcendental
Meditation Associated with Reduction in Biological Age.
243. LOVELL-SMlTH,
H. D. Transcendental Meditation--treating the patient as well
as the disease. The New Zealand Family Physician 9: 62-65, April
1982.
Case History
Illustrating Holistic Improvements in Physical and Mental Health
Including Relief from Insomnia; Decreased Anxiety; Decreased Need
for Tranquillizers; Fewer Headaches; Increased Enjoyment of Life,
and Increased Efficiency.
244. WALLACE,
R. K.; SILVER, J.; MILLS, P. J.; DILLBECK, M. C.; and WAGONER,
D. E. Systolic blood pressure and long-term practice of the Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi program: Effects of TM on systolic blood
pressure. Psychosomatic Medicine 45(1): 41-46, 1983.
Improved Cardiovascular
Health: Lower Systolic Blood Pressure Compared to Norms for Age;
Effect More Pronounced in Long-Term Meditators.
245. TOOMEY,
M.; PENNINGTON, B.; CHALMERS, R.; and CLEMENTS, G. The practice
of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program reverses
the physiological ageing process. MERU Research Institute, Mentmore,
Buckinghamshire, England, and Department of Biology, University
of York, Yorkshire, England, 1982.
Reversal of
Biological Aging: Younger Biological Age Compared with Norms.
Length of Time Practicing Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
Program Correlated with Younger Biological Age and Younger Functional
Age, and Predictive of Lower Systolic Blood Pressure and Auditory
Threshold.
246. TOOMEY,
M.; CHALMERS, R.; and CLEMENTS, G. The Transcendental Meditation
and TM-Sidhi program and reversal of the ageing process: A longitudinal
study. MERU Research Institute, Mentmore, Buckinghamshire, England,
1983.
Reversal of
Biological Aging: Longitudinal Reduction in Biological Age; Younger
Biological Age Compared with Norms. Length of Time Practicing
Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program Correlated with
Younger Biological Age and Younger Functional Age. Decreased Systolic
Blood Pressure and Improved Auditory Threshold.
247. BROWNE,
G. E.; FOUGÉRE, D.; ROXBURGH, A.; BIRD, J.; and LOVELL-SMITH,
H. D. Improved mental and physical health and decreased use of
prescribed and non-prescribed drugs through the Transcendental
Meditation program. Age of Enlightenment Medical Council, Christchurch,
New Zealand; Heylen Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand; and
Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand, 1983.
Improvements
in Physical and Mental Health Correlated with Duration and Regularity
of Practice of Transcendental Meditation; Decreased Use of Alcohol;
Decreased Use of Cigarettes; Decreased Drug Abuse; Decreased Need
for Anti-Hypertensives, Drugs for Heart Disease, Sleep Medications,
Tranquilizers, Anti-Depressants, Anti-Asthmatics, Anti-Histamines,
Analgesics, and Drugs for Hypertension, Asthma, and Heart Disease.
E: Motor and
Perceptual Ability
248. HOLT,
W. R.; CARUSO, J. L.; and RILEY, J. B. Transcendental Meditation
vs. pseudo-meditation on visual choice reaction time. Perceptual
and Motor Skills 46: 726, 1978.
Improved Mind-Body
Coordination: Faster Reactions (Visual Choice Reaction Time).
249. FRIEND,
K. E., and MALISZEWSKI, M. More on the reliability of the kinesthetic
after-effects measure and need for stimulation. Journal of Personality
Assessment 42(4): 385-391, 1978.
Reduced Need
for External Stimulation.
250. ANTES,
M. The effects of the TM-Sidhi program on rigidity-flexibility.
Diplomarbeit (abbr.), Department of Psychology, University of
Saarland, Saarbrücken, W. Germany, 1978.
Increased
Behavioral Flexibility as a Result of the TM-Sidhi Program: Increased
Perceptual Flexibility; Increased Psychomotor Speed; Increased
Functional Efficiency of Psychomotor Co-ordination.
251. BANQUET,
J. P., and LESEVRE, N. Event-related potentials in altered states
of consciousness. Motivation, Motor and Sensory Processes of the
Brain, Progress in Brain Research 54: 447-453, 1980.
Increased
Vigilance and Improved Capacity for Selective Attention: Faster
Reactions with Fewer Mistakes (Visual Choice Reaction Time); Shorter
Latency and Larger Amplitude of Visual Evoked Potentials.
252. SCHWARTZ,
E. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on strength
of the nervous system, perceptual reactance, reaction time, and
auditory threshold. Master's thesis (abstract), Department of
Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., 1979.
Increased
Sensitivity, Strength, and Flexibility of the Nervous System;
Improved Auditory Thresholds; Faster Reactions.
253. DILLBECK,
M. C. Meditation and flexibility of visual perception and verbal
problem solving. Memory and Cognition 10(3): 207-215, 1982.
Improved Efficiency
of Visual Perception; Increased Freedom from Habitual Patterns
of Perception with Increased Ability to Use Such Patterns Effectively
Where Appropriate.
254. ROWE,
K. C.; NEUSCHATZ, J. S.; and NIDICH, S. I. Effect of the Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi program on reaction time. State University
of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, New York, U.S.A.; Roger Williams
College, Bristol, Rhode Island, U.S.A.; and Maharishi International
University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A. Paper presented at the meeting
of the American Psychological Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,
September 1980.
Improved Mind-Body
Coordination: Faster Reactions (Visual Choice Reaction Time).
255. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W.; RAIMONDI, D.; VESELEY, B.; DILLBECK, M. C.; and WALLACE,
R. K. The influence of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
program on field independence: The growth of a stable internal
frame of reference. Maharishi International University, Fairfield,
Iowa, U.S.A., 1981.
More Stable
Internal Frame of Reference: Greater Field Independence.
256. HARDING,
S. D. The effects of Transcendental Meditation on an auditory
temporal discrimination task. Department of Experimental Psychology,
University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex, England, 1981.
Improved Auditory
Temporal Discrimination.
257. JEDRCZAK,
A. The TM-Sidhi program and age-related psychological variables.
Department of Psychology, MERU Research Institute, Mentmore, Buckinghamshire,
England, 1982.
Length of
Time Practicing TM-Sidhi Program Predictive of Superior Performance
on Tests Measuring Age-Related Psychological Variables: Visual
Memory; Creativity; Field Independence; Perceptual Speed; Motor
Speed; Reaction Time; Non-Verbal Intelligence. Length of Time
Practicing the TM-Sidhi Program Predictive of Younger Functional
Age.
258. JEDRCZAK,
A. Psychological correlates of experiences of higher states of
consciousness in subjects practicing the Transcendental Meditation
and TM-Sidhi program. Department of Psychology, MERU Research
Institute, Mentmore, Buckinghamshire, England, 1982.
Experience
of Higher States of Consciousness Positively Correlated with Superior
Performance on Tests Measuring Perceptual Speed, Flexibility,
Creativity, Intelligence, Field Independence, and Psycho-Motor
Speed.
259. JEDRCZAK,
A. The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and field
independence. Findings published in Perceptual and Motor Skills
59: 999-100, 1984.
More Stable
Internal Frame of Reference: Greater Field Independence.
PART II: PSYCHOLOGY
A: Intelligence,
Learning, and Academic Performance
260. TRAVIS,
F. Creative thinking and the Transcendental Meditation technique.
A version printed in The Journal of Creative Behavior 13(3): 169-180,
1979.
Increased
Creativity: Increased Figural Flexibility and Originality; Increased
Verbal Fluency.
261. ARON,
A.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; and BRUBAKER, P. The Transcendental Meditation
program in the college curriculum: A 4-year longitudinal study
of effects on cognitive and affective functioning. College Student
Journal 15(2): 140-146, 1981.
Benefits for
Students at Maharishi International University: Increased Intelligence;
Increased Self-Confidence; Increased Sociability; Improved Psychological
Health; Increased Social Maturity.
262. WOOD,
M. F. The effectiveness of Transcendental Meditation as a means
of improving the echolalic behavior of an autistic student. College
of Exceptional Child Education, University of Central Florida,
Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. Paper presented at the International
Symposium on Autism Research, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 14
July 1981.
Improved Echolalic
Behavior in Autistic Student.
263. EYERMAN,
J. Transcendental Meditation and mental retardation. Journal of
Clinical Psychiatry 42(1): 35-36, 1981.
Improved Speech,
Social Behavior, Intelligence, and Physiological Functioning in
a Mentally Retarded Subject
264. DILLBECK,
M. C., and SZAL, T. J. The Transcendental Meditation technique,
working memory, and field independence in school-aged children.
Department of Psychology, Maharishi International University,
Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1981.
Improved Working
Memory in School Children.
265. KOTCHABHAKDI,
N. J.; PIPATVERAVAT, S.; KOTCHABHAKDI, N.; TAPANYA, P.; and PORNPATHKUL,
S. Improvement of intelligence, learning ability and moral judgment
through the practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique.
In Proceedings of the Second Asian Workshop on Child and Adolescent
Development, Bangkok and Bangsaen, Thailand, 15-24 February 1982.
Bangkok: Sri Nakharinwirot University.
Benefits for
High School Students: Increased Intelligence Growth Rate; Improved
Learning Ability; Improved Moral Judgement.
B: Development
of Personality
266. HANLEY,
C. P., and SPATES, J. L. Transcendental Meditation and social
psychological attitudes. The Journal of Psychology 99: 121-127,
1978.
More Positive
Conception of Human Nature; More Positive Self-lmage; Higher Levels
of Tolerance; Greater Sociability; Less Pronounced Feelings of
Social Inadequacy.
267. LJUNGGREN,
G. Inflytandet av Transcendental Meditation pa neuroticism, medicinbruk
och sömnproblem. Läkartidningen 74(47): 4212-4214, 1977.
Decreased
Neuroticism; Decreased Insomnia; Decreased Use of Tranquilizers.
268. HANDMACHER,
B. H. Length of time spent in the practice of Transcendental Meditation
and sex differences related to intrapersonal and interpersonal
orientation. Doctoral thesis (abbr.), College of Education and
Departments of Psychology and Sociology, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A., 1978. Dissertation Abstracts International,
39: 676A.
Less Anxiety;
Less Depression; More Affectionate: More Tolerant; Less Tendency
to Dominate; Less Interested in Superficial Social Contacts; More
Selective in Personal Relationships; Less Need for Acceptance;
More Inner-Directed.
269. SANDAHL,
F. P. The effect of the practice of TM on the degree of neuroticism
as measured by the defense mechanism test. National Defense Research
Institute, Karlstad, Sweden, 1978.
Decreased
Hidden Mental Turbulence: Decreased Neuroticism.
270. NIDICH,
S. I., and NIDICH, R. The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
program and moral development. Department of Education, Maharishi
International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1983.
Enhanced Cognitive-Moral
Development; Benefits of Transcendental Meditation Further Enhanced
by the TM-Sidhi Program.
271. HOLEMAN,
R., and SEILER, G. Effects of sensitivity training and Transcendental
Meditation on perception of others. Perceptual and Motor Skills
49: 270, 1979.
Improved Perception
of Others.
272. FERGUSON,
P. C. An integrative meta-analysis of psychological studies investigating
the treatment outcomes of meditation techniques. Doctoral thesis
(abbr.), School of Education, University of Colorado, Boulder,
Colorado, U.S.A., 1981.
Greater Beneficial
Effect from Transcendental Meditation than from Other Meditation
and Relaxation Procedures as Indicated by Meta-Analysis.
273. KNIFFKI,
C. Transcendental Meditation and autogenic training: A comparison.
Transzendentale Meditation und Autogenes Training--Ein Vergleich
in the series 'Geist und Psyche'. Munich: Kindler Verlag, 1979.
Cumulative
Benefits for Psychological Health: Decreased Nervousness; Decreased
Depression; Decreased Emotional Instability; Decreased Manifest
Anxiety.
274. TURNBULL,
M. J., and NORRIS, H. Effects of Transcendental Meditation on
self-identity indices and personality. British Journal of Psychology
73: 57-68, 1982.
Stronger Self-ldentity.
275. NIDICH,
S. I. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on state-trait
anxiety. Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa,
U.S.A., 1982.
Decreased
State and Trait Anxiety.
PART III:
SOCIOLOGY
A: Rehabilitation
276. SHAFII,
M.; LAVELY, R.; and JAFFE, R. Decrease in cigarette smoking following
Transcendental Meditation. University of Michigan Medical School,
Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. Findings previously published in MERU
Journal 24: 29 (Abstract), 1976.
Decreased
or Discontinued Use of Cigarettes.
277. GEISLER,
M. Therapeutische Wirkungen der Transzendentalen Meditation auf
Drogenkonsumenten. Zeitschrift für klinische Psychologie 7(4):
235-255, 1978.
Decreased
Drug Abuse; Decreased Nervousness (Decreased Psychosomatic Disturbance)4;
Decreased Depression (Increased Contentment, Increased Self-Confidence);
Increased Sociability (Increased Friendliness, Increased Liveliness);
Increased Placidity (Increased Self-Assuredness, Increased Good
Humor, Decreased Tendency to Procrastinate); Decreased Inhibition
(Increases in: Naturalness, Spontaneity, Self-Sufficiency); Increased
Extroversion (Increased Capacity for Warm Interpersonal Relationships);
Decreased Neuroticism (Increased Emotional Stability, Decreased
Tension); Increased Self-Reliance (Increased Effectiveness, More
Balanced Mood, Increased Vigor).
278. ABRAMS,
A. I., and SIEGEL, L. M. The Transcendental Meditation program
and rehabilitation at Folsom State Prison: A cross-validation
study. Criminal Justice and Behavior 5 (1): 3-20, 1978.
Rehabilitation
of Prisoners: Decreased Anxiety; Decreased Neuroticism, Decreased
Resentment; Decreased Negativism; Decreased Irritability; Decreased
Hostility; Decreased Prison Disciplinary Rule Infractions; Improved
Sleep Patterns (Decreased Time to Fall Asleep, Decreased Awakenings
per Night, Improved Quality of Sleep).
279. ABRAMS,
A. I., and SIEGEL, L. M. Transcendental Meditation and rehabilitation
at Folsom Prison: Response to a critique. Criminal Justice and
Behavior 6(1): 13-21, 1979.
Verification
of Results of Paper 278.
280. ABRAMS,
A. I. A follow-up study of the effects of the Transcendental Meditation
program on inmates at Folsom Prison. Maharishi International University,
Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1982.
Rehabilitation
of Prisoners: Sustained Reductions in Neuroticism, Anxiety, Hostility,
and Use of Cigarettes; Improved Sleep Patterns (Decreased Time
to Fall Asleep, Decreased Awakenings per Night).
281. CARTER,
R., and MEYER, J. E. The use of the Transcendental Meditation
(TM) technique with severely disturbed psychiatric inpatients.
Institute for Social Rehabilitation, Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles,
California, U.S.A., 1979.
Benefits for
Psychiatric In-Patients: Marked Improvements in Schizophrenia,
Manic-Depressive Psychosis, and Severe Personality Disorders;
Decreased Anxiety and Tension.
282. NIDICH,
S. I. The Science of Creative Intelligence and the Transcendental
Meditation program: Reduction of drug and alcohol consumption.
Department of Education, Maharishi International University, Fairfield,
Iowa, U.S.A. Paper presented at the New England Educational Research
Organization Conference, Lenox, Massachusetts, U.S.A., May 1980.
Decreased
Use of Alcohol; Decreased Drug Abuse.
283. BIELEFELD,
M. Transcendental Meditation: A stress reducing self-help support
system. In Vocational rehabilitation: Do psychologists really
belong? Cleveland V.A. Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Psychological
Association, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., 24 August 1981.
Benefits for
Patients with Psychiatric and Addictive Disorders in a Vocational
Rehabilitation Unit: Greater Ability to Maintain Employment on
Discharge; More Frequently Maintained on Out-Patient Care Alone.
284. ALEXANDER,
C. N., and MARKS, E. J. Ego development, personality and behavioral
change in inmates practicing the Transcendental Meditation technique
or participating in other programs: A summary of cross-sectional
and longitudinal results. Doctoral thesis of first author (summary),
Department of Psychology and Social Relations, Harvard University,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 1982.
Rehabilitation
of Prisoners: Greater Self-Development, Capacity for Warm Interpersonal
Relationships, and Engagement in Private, Avocational Businesses;
Lower Pathological Symptoms--Lower Psychopathic Deviation, Anxiety,
Aggression, Tension, and Introversion; Growth toward Higher States
of Consciousness; Longitudinal Increases in Self-Development and
Decreases in Aggression, Anxiety, and Schizophrenic Symptoms.
285. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; GRANT, J.; and STADTE, C. VON. The effects of the Transcendental
Meditation technique on recidivism: A retrospective archival analysis.
Doctoral thesis of first author (summary), Department of Psychology
and Social Relations, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., 1982. Dissertation Abstracts International 43 (1982):
539B.
Rehabilitation
of Prisoners: Lower Recidivism Rate; Fewer New Convictions.
286. BLEICK,
C. R. Influence of the Transcendental Meditation program on criminal
recidivism. Institute for Social Rehabilitation, Berkeley, California,
U.S.A., 1982.
Rehabilitation
of Prisoners: Lower Recidivism Rate; Higher Incidence of Clean
Records; Fewer New Convictions.
287. ARON,
E. N., and ARON, A. The patterns of reduction of drug and alcohol
use among Transcendental Meditation participants. Bulletin of
the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors 2(1): 28-33,
1983.
Decreased
Use of Tobacco; Decreased Use of Alcohol; Decreased Use of Marijuana.
288. ARON,
A., and ARON, E. N. Rehabilitation of juvenile offenders through
the Transcendental Meditation program: A controlled study. Paper
presented at the meeting of the Society of Police and Criminal
Psychology, Nashville, Tennessee, October 28, 1982.
Rehabilitation
of Juvenile Offenders: Decreased Anxiety.
PART IV: REVIEW
PAPERS
A: Health
289. CLEMENTS,
G., and CLEMENTS, D. M. The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
program and the reversal of ageing. Maharishi European Research
University, Seelisberg, Switzerland. Rheinweiler, W. Germany:
MERU Press, 1980.
Research findings
on the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program are reviewed
in the context of current knowledge of the aging process and the
usual physiological and psychological changes associated with
aging.
290. BAUHOFER,
U. Das Programm der Transzendentalen Meditation in der Behandlung
von Adipositas. Maharishi European Research University, Seelisberg,
Switzerland, 1983.
Treatment
of Obesity: More Successful Weight Reduction; Improved Psychological
Health in Obese Subjects--Decreased Anxiety; Decreased Nervousness
(Decreased Psychosomatic Disturbance); Decreased Aggressiveness
(Increased Self-Control, Increased Emotional Maturity); Decreased
Depression (Increased Contentment, Increased Self-Confidence);
Increased Sociability (Increased Friendliness, Increased Liveliness);
lncreased Placidity (Increased Self-Assuredness, Increased Good
Humor); Decreased Tendency to Dominate (Increased Respectfulness);
Decreased Inhibition (Increases in Naturalness, Spontaneity, Self-Sufficiency);
Increased Extroversion (Increased Capacity for Warm Interpersonal
Relationships); Decreased Neuroticism (Increased Emotional Stability).
SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH ON MAHARISHI'S TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION AND TM-SIDHI
PROGRAM
VOLUME
4
CHALMERS,
R. A.; CLEMENTS, G.; SCHENKLUHN, H.; and WEINLESS, M., eds. 1989.
Scientific research on Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation and
TM-Sidhi program: Collected papers, vol. 4. Vlodrop, the Netherlands:
MVU Press.
PART I: PHYSIOLOGY
The Studies
in the First Two Sections Document Changes during the Practice
of the Transcendental Meditation Technique Unless Otherwise Stated.
A: Metabolic,
Biochemical, and Cardiovascular Changes
291. JEVNING,
R.; WILSON, A. F.; O'HALLORAN, J. P.; and WALSH, R. N. Forearm
blood flow and metabolism during stylized and unstylized states
of decreased activation. American Journal of Physiology 245 (Regulatory,
Integrative, and Comparative Physiology 14): R110- R116, 1983.
Indication
of Deep Rest: Decreased Oxygen Consumption in Muscle Tissue. Reduction
in Biochemical Index of Stress: Decreased Arterial Lactate Levels.
292. JEVNING,
R.; WILSON, A. F.; PIRKLE, H.; O'HALLORAN, J. P.; and WALSH, R.
N. Metabolic control in a state of decreased activation: modulation
of red cell metabolism. American Journal of Physiology 245 (Cell
Physiol. 14): C457-C461, 1983.
Fundamental
Change in Cellular Metabolism: Reduced Glucose Metabolism in Red
Blood Cells. Normal Arterial Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Partial
Pressures. Reduction in Biochemical Index of Stress: Reduced Spontaneous
Skin Resistance Responses.
293. WOLKOVE,
N.; KREISMAN, H.; DARRAGH, D.; COHEN, C.; and FRANK, H. Effect
of Transcendental Meditation on breathing and respiratory control.
Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and
Exercise Physiology 56(3): 607-612, 1984.
Decreased
Minute Ventilation (Decreased Tidal Volume); Increased Basal Skin
Resistance; Periodic Breath Suspension; Changes in Chemical and
Neural Control of Breathing.
B: Electroencephalographic
Changes
294. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W.; WALLACE, R. K.; DILLBECK, M. C.; ALEXANDER, C. N.; and
BALL, O. E. Improved functional organization of the brain through
the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field as indicated by
changes in EEG coherence and its cognitive correlates: A proposed
model of higher states of consciousness. Departments of Psychology
and Biology, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa,
U.S.A.; Department of Psychology and Social Relations, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; and Department of
Education, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, U.S.A. Paper
presented at the American Psychological Society Annual Convention,
Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., September 1981.
Increased
Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning: Increased EEG
Coherence. Correlations between Increased Frontal EEG Coherence
and Increased Creativity; Correlations between Changes in EEG
Coherence and Increased Grade Point Average, Increased Verbal
Intelligence, Decreased Neuroticism, and Enhanced Principled Moral
Reasoning.
295. MISZCZAK,
J., and ACHIMOWICZ, J. Hybrid analysis of spontaneous brain activity
in different states of conscious experience. Military Institute
of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland. Results presented at the
5th Annual Meeting on EEG and Clinical Neurophysiology, Esztergom,
Hungary, 1-9 October 1982.
Increased
Orderliness and Integration of Brain Functioning: Synchronized
High Amplitude Frontal EEG Theta Activity.
296. NIDICH,
R.; NIDICH, S. I.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; and WALLACE, R. K. EEG
coherence and the length of practice of the Transcendental Meditation
program. Departments of Education, Psychology, and Biology, Maharishi
International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1983.
Correlation
between Length of Time Practicing Transcendental Meditation and
EEG Alpha Coherence.
297. NIDICH,
S. I.; NIDICH, R., ABRAMS, A.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; and WALLACE,
R. K. Frontal lobe functioning: EEG coherence as a predictor of
highly pro-social behavior in subjects practicing the Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Departments of Education, Psychology,
and Biology, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa,
U.S.A., 1982.
Correlations
between High Frontal EEG Coherence and Highly Pro-Social Behavior.
C: Health
298. ALLEN,
C. P. Effects of Transcendental Meditation, electromyographic
(EMG) biofeedback relaxation, and conventional relaxation on vasoconstriction,
muscle tension, and stuttering: A quantitative comparison. Doctoral
dissertation (abstract), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,
U.S.A., 1979. Dissertation Abstracts International 40: 689B.
Decreased
Stuttering.
299. TABOGI,
S. Effetti indotti dal programma di Meditazione Trascendentale
sulla tolleranza glicidica. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
(abbr.), Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Trieste,
Trieste, Italy, 1983.
Improved Blood
Sugar Homeostasis as Measured by Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.
300. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; DAVIES, J. L.; NEWMAN, R. I.; and CHANDLER, H. M. The effects
of Transcendental Meditation on cognitive and behavioral flexibility,
health, and longevity in the elderly: An experimental comparison
of the Transcendental Meditation program, mindfulness training,
and relaxation. Department of Psychology and Social Relations
and Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, U.S.A., and Macquarie University, North Ryde, New
South Wales, Australia, 1983.
Benefits for
the Elderly: Increased Longevity; Increased Cognitive and Perceptual
Flexibility; Increased Behavioral Flexibility; Increased Learning
Ability; Improved Mental Health and Sense of Well-Being; More
Ideal Levels of Blood Pressure.
D: Motor and
Perceptual Ability
301. SCHWARTZ,
E. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on strength
of the nervous system, perceptual reactance, reaction time, and
auditory threshold. Master's thesis (abbr.), Department of Exercise
Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., 1979.
Increased
Sensitivity, Strength, and Flexibility of the Nervous System;
Improved Auditory Thresholds; Faster Reactions at High and Low
Levels of Stimulation; Decreased Perceptual Reactance.
302. FRANCE,
R. An investigation into the effects of Transcendental Meditation
upon hearing threshold. North Staffordshire Polytechnic, Stoke
on Trent, Staffordshire, England, 1983.
Improved Auditory
Thresholds; Decreased Heart Rate.
PART II: PSYCHOLOGY
A: Intelligence,
Learning, and Academic Performance
303. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; KURTH, S. C.; TRAVIS, F.; WARNER, T.; and ALEXANDER, V.
K. Cognitive stage development in children practicing the Transcendental
Meditation program: Acquisition and consolidation of conservation.
Department of Psychology and Social Relations, Harvard University,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; Hampshire College, Amherst,
Massachusetts, U.S.A.; Department of Psychology and Department
of Management and Public Affairs, Maharishi International University,
Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A.; and Department of Psychology, York University,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1979.
More Rapid
Cognitive Growth and Consolidation in Pre- and Primary School
Children Vital for Academic Achievement and General Cognitive
Development: Superior Performance and Consolidation on Piagetian
Conservation Tasks of Increasing Cognitive Difficulty Indicative
of Mastery of Concrete Operational Skills.
304. BAER,
N.; NIDICH, S.; and ABRAMS, A. A comparative study of Maharishi
International University and two small private colleges on perceived
personal growth, perceived academic atmosphere, and general quality
of life. Master's thesis, Department of Education, Maharishi International
University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1981.
Benefits of
Maharishi's Integrated System of Education Perceived by Students
at Maharishi International University: Better Academic Atmosphere;
Greater Expectation to Gain Higher Degrees; Greater Motivation
to Learn; Greater Enjoyment of School; Greater Mental Stability
and Sense of Personal Security; Greater Sense of Control over
Direction in Life; Greater Clarity of Personal Values; Greater
Sensitivity to Other's Needs and Feelings; Greater Mental and
Physical Relaxation; Better State of Physical Health.
305. WRYCZA,
P. J. Some effects of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
program on artistic creativity and appreciation. Doctoral thesis
(summary), School of Modern Languages and European History, University
of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, England, 1982.
Enrichment
of Creativity and Appreciation in Artists.
306. KEMBER,
P. The Transcendental Meditation technique and academic performance:
A short report on a controlled longitudinal pilot study. Findings
published in British Journal of Educational Psychology, 55: 164-166,
1985. (Abstract)
Benefits for
Graduate Students: Improved Academic Performance.
307. DILLBECK,
M. C.; RAIMONDI, D.; ASSIMAKIS, P. D.; ROWE, R.; and ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W. The longitudinal effects of the MIU curriculum on intelligence
and field independence. Department of Psychology and Office of
Evaluation, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa,
U.S.A., 1984.
Benefits of
Maharishi's Integrated System of Education for Students at Maharishi
International University: Increased Intelligence; Increased Field
Independence.
B: Development
of Personality
308. TöRBER,
S.; MERTESDORF, F.; and HIESEL, E. Effects of Transcendental Meditation
on mood and bodily sensations. Diplomarbeit of first author (abbr.),
University of Cologne, Cologne, W. Germany, 1976.
Less Nervousness
(Less Psychosomatic Disturbance)6; Less Aggressiveness (Greater
Self-Control, Greater Emotional Maturity); Less Depression (Greater
Contentment, Greater Self-Confidence); Less Irritability (Greater
Calm in Frustrating Situations, Greater Tolerance); Greater Placidity
(Greater Self-Assuredness, More Good Humor, Less Tendency to Procrastinate);
Less Inhibition (Greater Naturalness, Greater Spontaneity, Greater
Self-Sufficiency); Less Neuroticism (Greater Emotional Stability,
Less Tension); More Relaxation; More Activation; More Elation;
Less Anxiety; Less Fatigue; Less Physical Tension; Less Physical
Weakness; Increased Physical Well-Being.
309. NIDICH,
R., and NIDICH, S. I. An empirical study of the moral atmosphere
at Maharishi International University/ University High School.
Department of Education, Maharishi International University, Fairfield,
Iowa, U.S.A., 1983.
Benefits of
Maharishi's Integrated System of Education for Students at Maharishi
International University High School: Increased Moral Maturity;
High Level of Moral Atmosphere.
310. JEDRCZAK,
A.; COX, D.; and CUNNINGHAM, C. Pilot testing of subjects practising
the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program: Neuroticism,
anxiety, well-being, and the capacity for absorbing experiences.
Department of Psychology, MERU Research Institute, Mentmore, Buckinghamshire,
England, and Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry,
London, England, 1982.
Greater Well-Being;
Greater Sensitivity--Greater Ability to Focus Intently and Greater
Responsiveness. Lower Anxiety; Lower Neuroticism.
311. EPPLEY,
K. R.; ABRAMS, A.; and SHEAR, J. The effects of meditation and
relaxation techniques on trait anxiety: A meta-analysis. Also
published in Eppley, K.R., Abrams, A.I., and Shear, J. (1989).
Differential effects of relaxation techniques on trait anxiety:
A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45(6), 957-974.
Decreased
Trait Anxiety: Greater Benefit from Transcendental Meditation
than from Other Meditation Techniques and Relaxation Procedures
as Demonstrated by Meta-Analysis.
312. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; ALEXANDER, V. K.; BOYER, R. W.; and JEDRCZAK, A. The subjective
experience of higher states of consciousness and the Maharishi
Technology of the Unified Field: Personality, cognitive, perceptual,
and physiological correlates of growth to enlightenment. Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; Maharishi International
University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A.; and MERU Research Institute,
Mentmore, Buckinghamshire, England, 1984.
Growth of
Higher States of Consciousness. Experiences of Higher States of
Consciousness Correlated with: Better Self-Concept (Greater Self-Actualization,
Greater Internality of Locus of Control); Greater Creativity (Greater
Fluency, Flexibility, and Originality); Profound Physiological
Rest (Episodes of Spontaneous Breath Suspension during Transcendental
Meditation); Greater Neurological Integration (High EEG Alpha
and Theta Coherence); Greater Neurophysiological Efficiency (Faster
H-Reflex Recovery); Superior Cognitive, Perceptual, and Motor
Skills (Superior Perceptual Speed, Motor Speed, Psychomotor Speed
and Flexibility, Nonverbal Intelligence, and Visual Memory); Less
Symptoms of Stress (Lower Anxiety, Aggression, Depression, Introversion,
and Neuroticism); Greater Capacity for Absorbing Experiences.
(The correlates of higher states of consciousness summarized in
this paper are drawn from both new experimental findings and the
results of other studies reported in the volumes of this series.)
PART III:
SOCIOLOGY
A. Rehabilitation
313. BROOKS,
J. S., and SCARANO, T. Transcendental Meditation in the treatment
of post-Vietnam adjustment. Journal of Counseling and Development
64: 212-215, 1985.
Improvements
in Post-Vietnam Adjustment Problems: Decreased Post-Vietnam Stress
Disorder; Decreased Anxiety; Decreased Depression; Decreased Alcohol
Consumption; Decreased Insomnia; Improved Employment Status; Decreased
Family Problems.
314. GORE,
S. W.; ABRAMS, A.; and ELLIS, G. The effect of statewide implementation
of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field in the Vermont
Department of Corrections. Institute for Social Rehabilitation,
Burlington, Vermont, U.S.A., 1984.
Rehabilitation
of Prisoners: Decreased Sleep Disturbance (Decreased Awakenings
per Night, Decreased Time to Sleep Onset, Improved Quality of
Sleep); Decreased Paranoid Anxiety; Increased Internality of Locus
of Control; Decreased Hostility; Greater Control of Anger. Benefits
for Correctional Staff: Decreased Sleep Disturbance; Decreased
Hostility; Decreased Paranoid Anxiety.
B. Quality
of Life
315. ARON,
E. N., and ARON, A. Transcendental Meditation program and marital
adjustment. Psychological Reports 51: 887-890, 1982.
Greater Marital
Satisfaction: Greater Marital Adjustment.
316. MARCUS,
S. V. The influence of the Transcendental Meditation program on
the marital dyad. Doctoral dissertation, California School of
Professional Psychology, Fresno, California, U.S.A. Dissertation
Abstracts International 38(8): 3895-B, 1977.
Benefits for
Married Couples: Decreased Nervousness (Increased Composure and
Relaxation); Increased Sociability, Energy, and Enthusiasm; Increased
Ability for Spontaneous Expression of Warmth and Affection; Increased
Ability to Be Sympathetic, Compassionate, and Understanding; Increased
Ability to Be Objective, Fair-Minded, and Reasonable; Increased
Tolerance and Acceptance of Others; Increased Self-Discipline;
Decreased Impulsiveness (Increased Emotional Maturity); Decreased
Proneness toward Anxiety.
Findings Reflecting
Growth of Coherence in Collective Consciousness on City, State,
Provincial, National, and International Levels
317. LANDRITH
III, G. S., and DILLBECK, M. C. The growth of coherence in society
through the Maharishi Effect: Reduced rates of suicides and auto
accidents. Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa,
U.S.A., 1983.
Improved Quality
of City Life: Decreased Automobile Accident Rate; Decreased Suicide
Rate (Cities, U.S.A., 1973-I977) .
318. DILLBECK,
M. C.; LANDRITH III, G.; and ORME-JOHNSON, D. W. The Transcendental
Meditation program and crime rate change in a sample of forty-eight
cities. Findings previously published in Journal of Crime and
Justice 4: 25-45, 1981.
Improved Quality
of City Life: Decreased Crime Rate (Cities, U.S.A., 1973-1978).
319. DILLBECK,
M. C. The Transcendental Meditation program and a compound probability
model as predictors of crime rate change. Maharishi International
University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1978.
Improved Quality
of City Life: Decreased Crime Rate (Cities, U.S.A., 1974-1976).
320. DILLBECK,
M. C.; LANDRITH III, G. S.; POLANZI, C.; and BAKER, S. R. The
Transcendental Meditation program and crime rate change: A causal
analysis. Department of Psychology, Maharishi International University,
Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A.; Center for the Study of Crime, Delinquency,
and Corrections, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois,
U.S.A.; and Department of Educational Psychology, West Virginia
University, Morgantown, West Virginia, U.S.A., 1982.
Decreased
Crime Rate (Cities and Metropolitan Areas, U.S.A., 1973-1978).
321. DILLBECK,
M. C.; FOSS, A. P. O.; and ZIMMERMANN, W. J. Maharishi's Global
Ideal Society Campaign: Improved quality of life in Rhode Island
through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Maharishi
International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., and MERU Research
Institute, Mentmore, Buckinghamshire, England, 1983.
Improved Quality
of Provincial Life as Measured by an Index Including: Total Crime
Rate, Mortality Rate, Motor Vehicle Fatality Rate, Auto Accident
Rate, Unemployment Rate, Pollution, Beer Consumption Rate, and
Cigarette Consumption Rate (Rhode Island, U.S.A., 1978).
322. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W.; DILLBECK, M. C.; BOUSQUET, J. G.; and ALEXANDER, C. N.
An experimental analysis of the application of the Maharishi Technology
of the Unified Field in major world trouble spots: Increased harmony
in international affairs. Department of Psychology, Maharishi
International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1979.
Increased
Harmony in International Affairs (Worldwide, 1978); Improvements
in Domestic Affairs and International Relations for Major Trouble-Spot
Countries (1978); Decreased War Deaths [Rhodesia (Now Zimbabwe),
1978].
323. DAVIES,
J. L., and ALEXANDER, C. N. The Maharishi Technology of the Unified
Field and improved quality of life in the United States: A study
of the First World Peace Assembly, Amherst, Massachusetts, 1979.
Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia,
and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 1983.
Improved Quality
of National Life: Decreased Violent Crime; Decreased Motor Vehicle
Fatalities; Decreased Number of Fatalities from Accidents, Suicide,
and Homicide; Decreased Air Traffic Fatal Accidents; Increased
Confidence, Optimism, and Economic Prosperity: Rise in Stock Market
Index (U.S.A., 1979). Improved Quality of Provincial Life: Decreased
Motor Vehicle Fatalities; Decreased Violent Crime (Massachusetts,
U.S.A., 1979); Decreased Air Traffic Fatal Accidents (New England,
U.S.A., 1979).
324. RABINOFF,
R. A.; DILLBECK, M. C.; and DEISSLER, R. Effect of coherent collective
consciousness on the weather. Departments of Physics and Psychology,
Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1981.
Support of
Nature for Coherence Creating Group: More Moderate Winter Temperature
during Construction of Maharishi International University's First
Golden Dome (Iowa, U.S.A., 1979-1980).
325. BURGMANS,
W. H. P. M.; BURGT, A. T. VAN DER; LANGENKAMP, F. P. T.; and VERSTEGEN,
J. H. Sociological effects of the group dynamics of consciousness:
Decrease of crime and traffic accidents in Holland. Maharishi
College of Natural Law, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 1982.
Improved Quality
of National Life: Decreased Crime (Holland, 1979 and 1981); Decreased
Automobile Accidents with Injury (Holland, 1979)
326. DILLBECK,
M. C.; CAVANAUGH, K. L.; and BERG, W. P. VAN DEN. The effect of
the group dynamics of consciousness on society: Reduced crime
in the Union Territory of Delhi, India. Maharishi International
University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A.; University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.; and Maharishi European Research University,
Seelisberg, Switzerland, 1983.
Improved Quality
of Provincial Life: Decreased Crime (Delhi, India, 1980-1981).
327. DILLBECK,
M. C.; LARIMORE, W. E.; and WALLACE, R. K. A time series analysis
of the effect of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field:
Reduction of traffic fatalities in the United States. Maharishi
International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., and Scientific
Systems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 1984.
Improved Quality
of National Life: Decreased Motor Vehicle Fatalities (U.S.A.,
1982).
328. LANFORD,
A. G. Reduction in homicide in Washington, D. C. through the Maharishi
Technology of the Unified Field, 1980-83: A time series analysis.
Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., 1984.
Improved Quality
of City Life: Decreased Homicide (Washington, D. C., U.S.A., 1981-1983).
329. LANFORD,
A. G. The effect of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field
on stock prices of Washington, D.C. area based corporations, 1980-83:
A time series analysis. Maharishi International University, Fairfield,
Iowa, U.S.A., 1984.
Improved Quality
of City Life: Increased Confidence and Economic Prosperity: Rise
in Value of Corporate Stocks (Washington, D. C., U.S.A., 1981-1983).
330. BERESFORD,
M. S., and CLEMENTS, G. The group dynamics of consciousness and
the U.K. stock market. MERU Research Institute, Mentmore, Buckinghamshire,
England, 1983.
Improved Quality
of National Life: Increased Confidence, Optimism, and Economic
Prosperity: Rise in Stock Market Index (United Kingdom, 1982-1983).
331. ABOU
NADER, T. M.; ALEXANDER, C. N.; and DAVIES, J. L. The Maharishi
Technology of the Unified Field and reduction of armed conflict:
A comparative, longitudinal study of Lebanese villages. American
University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, U.S.A.; and Macquarie University, North Ryde, New
South Wales, Australia, 1984.
Improved Quality
of Community Life: Cessation of Attack on a Community and Protection
from Ongoing Armed Conflict in the Surrounding Area (Lebanon,
1982-1984).
332. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W., and GELDERLOOS, P. The long-term effects of the Maharishi
Technology of the Unified Field on the quality of life in the
United States (1960 to 1983). A version: ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.;
GELDERLOOS, P.; and DILLBECK, M. C. The Effects of the Maharishi
Technology of the Unified Field on the U.S. Quality of Life (1960-1984)
was published in Social Science Perspectives Journal , 2(4), 127-146,
1988.
Improved Quality
of National Life as Measured by an Index Including: Crime Rate,
Percentage of Civil Cases Reaching Trial, Rate of Infectious Diseases,
Infant Mortality Rate, Suicide Rate, Cigarette Consumption, Alcohol
Consumption, Gross National Product, Patent Application Rate,
Number of Degrees Conferred, Divorce Rate, and Traffic Fatalities
(U.S.A., 1976-1983).
333. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W.; ALEXANDER, C. N.; DAVIES, J. L.; CHANDLER, H. M.; and LARIMORE,
W. E. International peace project in the Middle East: The effect
of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field. Journal of Conflict
Resolution, 32(4): 776-812, 1988.
Improved Quality
of National Life as Measured by Composite Indices Comprising Data
on War Intensity in Lebanon, Newspaper Content Analysis of Israeli
National Mood, Tel Aviv Stock Index, Automobile Accident Rate
in Jerusalem, Number of Fires in Jerusalem, and Maximum Temperature
in Jerusalem; Significant Improvement in Each Variable in the
Index (Israel, 1983). Decreased War Deaths (Lebanon, 1983).
334. DILLBECK,
M. C.; MITTLEFEHLDT, V.; LUKENBACH, A. P., CHILDRESS, D.; ROYER,
A.; WESTSMITH, L.; and ORME-JOHNSON, D. W. A time series analysis
of the relationship between the group practice of the Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and crime rate change in Puerto
Rico. Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A.,
and Maharishi International Caribbean, Fajardo, Puerto Rico, 1984.
Improved Quality
of Provincial Life: Decreased Crime (Puerto Rico, U.S.A., 1984).
335. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; ABOU NADER, T. M.; CAVANAUGH, K. L.; DAVIES, J. L.; DILLBECK,
M. C.; KFOURY, R. J.; and ORME-JOHNSON, D. W. The effect of the
Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field on the war in Lebanon:
A time series analysis of the influence of international and national
coherence creating assemblies. Maharishi International University,
Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A., and Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 1984.
Improved Quality
of National Life: Increased Progress towards Peaceful Resolution
of Conflict and Decreased War Intensity; Decreased War Deaths
and War Injuries (Lebanon, 1983-1984); Increased Confidence and
Economic Prosperity: Improved Foreign Exchange Rate (Lebanon,
1984).
336. CAVANAUGH,
K. L.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; and GELDERLOOS, P. The effect of the
Taste of Utopia Assembly on the world index of international stock
prices. Department of Management and Public Affairs and Department
of Psychology, Maharishi International University, Fairfield,
Iowa, U.S.A., 1984.
Increased
Global Confidence, Optimism, and Economic Prosperity as Measured
by Rise of World Stock Index and Simultaneous Increase in Major
Stock Market Indices (Worldwide, 1983-1984).
337. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W.; CAVANAUGH, K. L.; ALEXANDER, C. N.; GELDERLOOS, P.; DILLBECK,
M.; LANFORD, A. G.; and ABOU NADER, T. M. The influence of the
Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field on world events and
global social indicators: The effects of the Taste of Utopia Assembly.
Department of Psychology and Department of Management and Public
Affairs, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa,
U.S.A., and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 1984.
Global Taste
of Utopia: Increased Harmony in International Affairs--Increased
Progress towards Peaceful Resolution of Conflict; More Positive,
Evolutionary Statements and Actions of Heads of State and International
Support for Their Policies and Leadership; Increased Confidence,
Optimism, and Economic Prosperity as Measured by Rise of World
Stock Index and Simultaneous Increase in Major Stock Market Indices;
Decreased Air Traffic Fatalities (Worldwide, 1983-1984); Decreased
Traffic Fatalities (U.S.A.; South Africa; States of New South
Wales, Victoria, and Western Australia, Australia, 1983-1984);
Decreased Crime (State of Victoria, Australia; Washington, D.C.,
U.S.A.; and Karachi, Pakistan, 1983-1984); Decreased Incidence
of Infectious Diseases (U.S.A. and Australia, 1983-1984); Increased
Creativity as Measured by Increased Patent Applications (U.S.A.,
Australia, South Africa, and United Kingdom, 1983-1984).
PART IV: REVIEW
PAPERS
Papers 338
to 355 review the application of the Transcendental Meditation
and TM-Sidhi program in the areas of health, education, development
of personality, rehabilitation, and quality of life.
A: Health
338. WERNER,
O. Das Programm der Transzendentalen Meditation in der Medizin.
Schweizerische Ärztezeitung (39): 1722-1726, 1978.
The author
discusses the benefits of the Transcendental Meditation program
in general medical practice and shows that it represents a major
breakthrough in the field of health.
339. WERNER,
O. Perfect health through enlightenment. In XlVth International
Congress of Internal Medicine Abstracts, Rome, Italy, October
1978, pp. 370-371. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica.
The Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi program is presented as the direct means
to perfect health for both the individual and society.
340. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W.; WALLACE, R. K.; DILLBECK, M. C.; and KAY (ROSENBERG), N.
Recent biochemical and physiological research on the Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi program: Clinical and epidemiological
applications. Center for the Study of Higher States of Consciousness,
Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A. Paper
presented at the American Psychiatric Association, 132nd Annual
Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A., 17 May 1979.
This paper
provides an extensive discussion of electrophysiological and biochemical
research on the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program,
including some interesting findings on EEG coherence not previously
reported in the literature.
341. BLICHER,
B.; BLONDEAU, F.; CHOQUETTE, C.; DEANS, A.; DROUIN, P.; GLASER,
J.; and THIBAUDEAU, P. Méditation Transcendantale revue de la
littérature scientifique. Le Médecin du Québec I5(8): 46-66, 1980.
The Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi program is found to result in a coherent
state of neurophysiological functioning which is maintained during
activity. This forms the basis for optimal human performance and
the development of higher states of consciousness as described
in the Vedic Literature.
342. GUGLIELMI,
I. Meditazione Trascendentale: Ricerche sui cambiamenti fisiologici
e clinici. Bergamo, Italy: Edizioni Walk Over Srl, 1978.
The Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi program is found to have profound benefits
for the prevention and cure of illness and the promotion of perfect
health for both the individual and society.
343. HUYNH,
N-N. Elimination du stress par la technique de Méditation Transcendantale.
Doctoral thesis (abbr.), Faculty of Dental Surgery, René Descartes
University, Paris, France, 1981.
A review of
research demonstrates that the Transcendental Meditation technique
is an effective means of eliminating stress. This effect is shown
to be of great importance in the field of dental and oral health.
344. RASMUSSEN,
S. G.; JENSEN, M. R.; and RODENBERG, J. Prasentation af en sundhedsmodel.
Ugeskrift for L¦ger 145(24): 1900-1902, 1983.
This paper
presents the Transcendental Meditation program as the means for
developing a state of perfect health, thereby bringing fulfillment
to the medical sciences.
B: Education
345. RAIMONDI,
D., and DILLBECK, S. L. Maharishi International University's educational
index: Psychophysiological assessment of holistic development.
Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A. Paper
presented at the 89th Annual Convention of the American Psychological
Association, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., 26 August 1981.
This paper
discusses a unique method of student assessment being pioneered
at Maharishi International University, which includes an evaluation
of the psychophysiological correlates of the growth of higher
states of consciousness. The findings of the student assessment
program indicate that the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
program not only makes an important contribution to the realization
of traditional academic goals but also promotes a holistic development
of the student's life.
346. DILLBECK,
M. C., and DILLBECK, S. L. The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
program: An educational technology for the development of the
knower. Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A.,
1983.
This paper
presents the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program as
a scientifically validated educational technology for the full
development of the knower, which has been successfully implemented
at all levels of education. Furthermore, the application of this
technology in educational institutions is found to contribute
directly to the quality of life of the whole society.
347. DILLBECK,
S. L. Maharishi's integrated system of education: Offering excellence
in American education. In Proceedings of the hearing before the
Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities of the Committee
on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-Eighth
Congress, First Session, on Examination of the Report of the National
Commission on Excellence in Education, 22 September 1983, pp.
522-531. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984.
The Maharishi
Technology of the Unified Field is found to fulfill the highest
goals of education by bringing life in alliance with the total
potential of natural law. Research on the Maharishi Technology
of the Unified Field and experience of its application at all
levels of education have shown that unified field based education
not only fosters academic excellence, but also unfolds the full
potential of individual and collective life.
C: Psychological
Development
348. NIDICH,
S. I., and ORME-JOHNSON, D. W. Kohlberg Stage 7, natural law,
and the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. In Proceedings
of the International Symposium on Moral Education, University
of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland, 3 September 1982.
This paper
discusses how the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program
brings fulfillment to the ideal of a 'cosmic perspective', as
expressed in Kohlberg's Stage 7, and shows that the psychophysiological
basis of this state can now be clearly understood in the light
of the scientific research on the Transcendental Meditation and
TM-Sidhi program.
349. DILLBECK,
M. C. Testing the Vedic Psychology of the Bhagavad-Gita. Psychologia
26: 232-240, 1983.
Research on
the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program is found to
provide experimental evidence for the Vedic description of human
psychology and the growth of higher states of consciousness, as
contained in the Bhagavad-Gita. In particular, the known effects
of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program are shown
to verify three concepts that are central to the Vedic Psychology
of the Bhagavad-Gita: the existence of the experience of transcending;
the growth of the qualities of enlightenment as a result of this
experience; and the nature of the Transcendent as a universal
'field' of consciousness.
D: Rehabilitation
350. DEVAKAR.
Correctional technique--A fresh approach through SCI. Department
of Social Work, Kashi Vidyapeeth, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Paper presented at the Third All India Penological Conference,
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 22-24 November 1975.
The author
discusses insights from the Science of Creative Intelligence into
the problem of criminal behavior, and proposes the application
of its practical aspect, the Transcendental Meditation program,
as a solution to the current crisis in criminal correction.
351. ARON,
A., and ARON, E. N. The Transcendental Meditation program's effect
on addictive behavior. Addictive Behaviors 5: 3-12, 1980.
This paper
reviews research showing that the Transcendental Meditation program
is effective in counteracting a wide variety of addictive behaviors.
The authors locate the basis of this effect in the comprehensive
physiological, psychological, and social benefits which have been
found to result from Transcendental Meditation.
352. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W. Prison rehabilitation and crime prevention through the Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. In Holistic approaches to offender
rehabilitation, ed. Leonard J. Hippchen, Chapter 15, 346-383.
Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publishing, 1981.
The first
part of this paper summarizes research on the Transcendental Meditation
program in prisons and presents an overview of the physiological,
psychological, and sociological findings in terms of the growth
of stability and adaptability. The second part presents the perspective
of the Science of Creative Intelligence on law, justice, and rehabilitation.
353. DILLBECK,
M. C., and ABRAMS, A. I. The application of the Transcendental
Meditation program to corrections and crime prevention. Maharishi
International University, Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A. Paper presented
in part at the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Conference,
Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A., 26 March 1982.
The paper
reviews research demonstrating that the Transcendental Meditation
and TM-Sidhi program produces consistent beneficial effects for
both criminal rehabilitation and crime prevention.
E: Quality
of Life
354. ARON,
A., and ARON, E. N. The Transcendental Meditation program for
building family strengths: Blueprint for invincibility. Department
of Psychology, Maharishi International University, Fairfield,
Iowa, U.S.A. Paper presented at the National Symposium on Building
Family Strengths, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A.,
4 May 1978.
This paper
presents the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program as
a means to strengthen family life by developing higher states
of consciousness for the individual and creating an influence
of coherence and harmony in the social environment.
355. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W., and DILLBECK, M. C. A proposal to establish a U.S. Academy
of Peace. In Proceedings of the hearing before the Subcommittees
on International Security and Scientific Affairs and on International
Operations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Subcommittee
on Postsecondary Education of the Committee on Education and Labor,
House of Representatives, Ninety-Seventh Congress, Second Session,
on bills H.R. 5088 and H.R. 6182, 21 July 1982, pp. 241-250. Washington,
D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1982.
This proposal
presents the group practice of the Transcendental Meditation and
TM-Sidhi program as the practical technology for creating coherence
in national and world consciousness, thereby establishing a permanent
state of social harmony and world peace.
MAHARISHI'S
TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION AND TM-SIDHI PROGRAM
VOLUME
5
WALLACE, R.K.,
ORME-JOHNSON, D.W., and DILLBECK, M.C., eds. 1990. Scientific
Research on Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation program: Collected
papers, vol. 5. Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A.: MIU Press
PART I: PHYSIOLOGY
The Studies
in the First Section Document Changes during the Practice of the
Transcendental Meditation Technique Unless Otherwise Stated.
A: Metabolic,
Biochemical, and Cardiovascular Changes
356. DILLBECK,
M. C., and ORME-JOHNSON, D. W. Physiological differences between
Transcendental Meditation and rest. American Psychologist 42:
879-881, 1987.
A Unique State
of Deep Rest: Meta-Analysis of 31 Studies; Higher Basal Skin Resistance;
Lower Respiration Rate; Lower Plasma Lactate. Lower Baseline Levels
of Spontaneous Skin Resistance Responses, Respiration Rate, Heart
Rate, and Plasma Lactate.
357. FARRELL,
D. J. The reduction in metabolic rate and heart rate of man during
meditation. Energy Metabolism, Lawrence E. Mount (Ed.), E.A.A.P.
Publication # 26, Butterworth & Co. (Publishers) Ltd. Australia.
279-282, 1980.
A Unique State
of Deep Rest: Reduction in Metabolic Rate; Reduction in Heart
Rate.
358. GALLOIS,
P. Modifications neurophysiologiques et respiratoires lors de
la pratique des techniques de relaxation. L'Encéphale 10: 139-144,
1984.
A Unique State
of Deep Rest: Lower Heart Rate; Decreased Breath Rate; Episodes
of Spontaneous Respiratory Suspension (Without Compensatory Hyperventil-ation).
Increased Alertness: Faster Reaction Time after the Practice.
Lower Heart Rate outside the Practice.
359. GARNIER,
D.; CAZABAT, A.; THÉBAULT, P.; and GAUGE, P. An experimental study:
pulmonary ventilation during the Transcendental Meditation technique--applications
in preventive medicine. Summary of a paper that appeared in Est-Médicine
4(76): 867-870, 1984.
A Unique State
of Deep Rest: Lower Oxygen Consumption per Kilo Body Weight during
and outside TM Practice.
360. SHARMA,
H. M., and STEPHENS, R. E. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation
and TM-Sidhi program on DNA repair. Presented in part at the Federation
of the American Society of Experimental Biologists meeting, St.
Louis, Missouri, April 1986.
Unique pattern
of DNA Repair.
361. WILSON,
A. F.; JEVNING, R.; and GUICH, S. Marked reduction of forearm
carbon dioxide production during states of decreased metabolism.
Physiology and Behavior 41: 347-352, 1987.
Unique State
of Deep Rest: Reduced Difference between Arterial and Venous CO2
Content in Forearm Metabolism.
362. JEVNING,
R.; WILSON, A. F.; PIRKLE, H.; GUICH, S.; and WALSH, R. N. Modulation
of red cell metabolism by states of decreased activation: comparison
between states. Physiology and Behavior 35: 679-682, 1985.
A Unique State
of Deep Rest: Marked Decline of Red Cell Metabolism.
363. WERNER,
O. R.; WALLACE, R. K.; CHARLES, B.; JANSSEN, G.; STRYKER, T.;
and CHALMERS, R. A. Long-term endocrinologic changes in subjects
practicing the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program.
Psychosomatic Medicine 48(1/2): 59-65, 1986.
Increased
Endocrinological Efficiency: Long-Term Reduction in Basal Levels
of Pituitary Hormones (TSH, Growth Hormone, and Prolactin), with
Maintenance of Adrenal and Thyroid Hormone Levels.
364. JEVNING,
R.; WELLS, I.; WILSON, A. F.; and GUICH, S. Plasma thyroid hormones,
thyroid stimulating hormone, and insulin during acute hypometabolic
states in man. Physiology and Behavior 40: 603-606, 1987.
More Efficient
Neuroendocrine Regulation: Reduction of Pituitary Hormone TSH
with Maintenance of Thyroid Hormones and Insulin Levels. Lower
Baseline TSH Levels in Long-Term TM Participants.
365. WALTON,
K. G.; FRANCIS, D.; LEROM, M.; and TOURENNE, C. Behaviorally-induced
alterations in human urinary 5-hydroxyindoles. Transactions of
the American Society for Neurochemistry 14: 199, 1983.
Neurotransmitter
Modulation: Change in Daily Cycle of Urinary 5-Hydroxyindoles,
Metabolites Related to Serotonin.
366. O'HALLORAN,
J. P.; JEVNING, R.; WILSON, A. F.; SKOWSKY, R.; WALSH, R. N.;
and ALEXANDER, C. Hormonal control in a state of decreased activation:
potentiation of arginine vasopressin secretion. Physiology and
Behavior 35: 591-595, 1985.
Hormonal Growth:
Increased Plasma Level of Arginine Vasopressin, Associated with
Body Fluid Balance and with Learning and Memory.
367. MILLS,
P. J.; SCHNEIDER, R.; HILL, D.; WALTON, K.; and WALLACE, R. K.
Lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors and cardiovascular responsivity
in TM participants and Type A behavior. This is a summary of a
paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychosomatic
Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March, 1987. (Refer also
to Psychosomatic Medicine 49: 211, 1987, and Journal of Psychosomatic
Research 33(6), 1989).
Improved Stress
Reactivity: Lower Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Sensitivity; Lower
Blood Reactivity to Stress; Lower Resting Blood Pressure; Lower
Resting Epinephrine Level.
368. SCHNEIDER,
R. H.; MILLS, P. J.; SCHRAMM, W.; and WALLACE, R. K. Luteinizing
hormone: a marker for Type A behavior and its modification by
the Transcendental Meditation program? Psychosomatic Medicine
49: 212-213, 1987. (Refer also to Neuroendocrinology Letters 9:181,
1987.)
Lower Chronic
Stress: Normal Neuroendocrine Reactivity; Meditating Type A Subjects
Showed Healthy Neuroendocrine Pattern.
B: Electrophysiological
and Electroencephalographic Changes
369. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; LARIMORE, W. E.; DASH, P.; TITUS, B.; and ISRAELSON, L.
Distinguishing between Transcendental Meditation, sleep and other
forms of rest according to electrophysiological criteria. Summary
of a paper presented at the Midwestern Psychological Association
Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, May 1987.
EEG Differentiation
between Transcendental Meditation and Napping.
370. GAYLORD,
C.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; and TRAVIS, F. The effects of the Transcendental
Meditation technique and progressive muscle relaxation on EEG
coherence, stress reactivity, and mental health in black adults.
International Journal of Neuroscience 46: 77-86, 1989.
Increased
Functional Organization of the Brain: Increased EEG Coherence
during TM Practice. Improved Mental Health; Decreased Anxiety;
Decreased Neuroticism; Faster Recovery from Stress.
371. GAYLORD,
C.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; WILLBANKS, M.; TRAVIS, F.; RAINFORTH,
M.; and REYNOLDS, B. The effects of the Transcendental Meditation
program on self-concept and EEG coherence in black college students.
Abstract of paper presented at the 101st session of the Iowa Academy
of Science, Storm Lake, Iowa, April 1989. Also see abstract insert
in Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science 96(1), A31-A32.
Increased
Functional Organization of the Brain: Increased EEG Coherence
during TM Practice. Improved Self-Concept: Increased Self-Satisfaction;
Increased Moral-Ethical Self; Increased Social Self; Decreased
General Maladjustment; Decreased Personality Disorder.
372. DILLBECK,
M. C., and ARAAS-VESELY, S. Participation in the Transcendental
Meditation program and frontal EEG coherence during concept learning.
International Journal of Neuroscience 29: 45-55, 1986.
Increased
Frontal EEG Coherence during Acquisition of New Information; More
Settled Physiological Response during Cognitively Demanding Tasks.
373. MEIRSMAN,
J. Neurophysiological order in the REM sleep of participants of
the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programme. Summary
of paper presented at the Sixth Annual International Conference
of the Association for the Study of Dreams, London, England, July
1989.
Increased
Order-Producing Activity of the Brain during Sleep as Indicated
by the Ratio of High Frequency to Low Frequency REM.
374. GODDARD,
P. H. Reduced age-related declines of P300 latency in elderly
practicing Transcendental Meditation. Psychophysiology 26: S29,
1989.
Faster Processing
of Cognitively Complex Information in the Elderly as Measured
by Event-Related Potentials.
375. TRAVIS,
F., and ORME-JOHNSON, D. W. EEG coherence and power during yogic
flying. Abstract of a portion of the first author's doctoral dissertation,
Department of Psychology, Maharishi International University,
Fairfield, Iowa, 1988. (Refer also to Dissertation Abstracts International
49(8): 3493B, 1988. Full paper published in International Journal
of Neuroscience, 54: 1-12, 1990.)
Increased
EEG Coherence at the Moment of Performance of TM-Sidhi Yogic Flying.
C: Health
376. GLASER,
J. L.; BRIND, J. L.; EISNER, M. J.; DILLBECK, M. C.; VOGELMAN,
J. H.; and WALLACE, R. K. Elevated serum dehydroepiandrosterone
sulfate levels in older practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation
and TM-Sidhi programs. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of
the Society for Neuroscience, Washington, D.C., November 1986.
(An abstract of these results also appeared in AGE 10(4): 160,
1987.)
Hormone Levels
Indicating Younger Biological Age.
377. SMITH,
D. E.; GLASER, J. L.; SCHNEIDER, R. H.; and DILLBECK, M. C. Erythrocyte
sedimentation rate (ESR) and the Transcendental Meditation (TM)
program. Psychosomatic Medicine 51: 259, 1989. (Also, refer to
AGE 10(4): 160, 1987.)
Lower Erythrocyte
Sedimentation Rate Levels Indicating Less Serious Illness and
Slower Aging.
378. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W. Medical care utilization and the Transcendental Meditation
program. Psychosomatic Medicine 49(1): 493-507, 1987.
Lower Health
Insurance Utilization Rates: Significantly Fewer Hospital Inpatient
Days, Outpatient Visits; Fewer Inpatient Admissions for All Major
Categories of Disease.
379. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W., and VEGORS, S. Medical care utilization at Maharishi International
University, Fairfield, Iowa. Abstract of paper presented at the
100th Session, Iowa Academy of Science, Ames, Iowa, April 1988.
Abstract insert in the Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science
95(1): A56.
Lower Health
Insurance Utilization Rates among MIU Faculty and Staff.
380. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; LANGER, E. J.; NEWMAN, R. I.; CHANDLER, H. M.; and DAVIES,
J. L. Transcendental Meditation, mindfulness, and longevity: an
experimental study with the elderly. Summary of paper in the Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology 57(6): 950-964, 1989.
Benefits for
the Elderly Demonstrating Reversal of Aging: Increased Longevity;
Increased Cognitive Flexibility (Including Increased Learning
Ability and Greater Perceptual Flexibility); Increased Word Fluency;
Improvements in Self-Reported Measures of Behavioral Flexibility
and Aging; Greater Sense of Well-Being; Improved Mental Health;
Reduction of Blood Pressure to More Ideal Levels.
PART II: PSYCHOLOGY
A: Intelligence,
Learning, and Academic Performance
381. DOAN,
M. J. Transcendental Meditation program as a prenatal factor in
the quiet alert state in normal newborns. Summary of a paper presented
at the Annual Meeting of the National Association of Young Children,
Anaheim, California, November 1988.
Increased
Quiet Alertness in Newborns of Mothers Practicing the Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program.
382. DIXON,
C. A. Consciousness and cognitive development: a six-month longitudinal
study of four-year-olds practicing the children's Transcendental
Meditation technique. Abstract of Doctoral Dissertation, Department
of Psychology, Maharishi International University, Fairfield,
Iowa, 1989. Dissertation Abstracts International, 51 (3) Section
B: 1518, 1989.
Accelerated
Cognitive Development in Four-Year-Old Children Practicing the
Children's Transcendental Meditation Technique.
383. WARNER,
T. Q. Transcendental Meditation and developmental advancement:
mediating abilities and conservation performance. Dissertation
Abstracts International 47(8): 3558B, 1986.
Advanced Cognitive
Development in Children.
384. GELDERLOOS,
P.; LOCKIE, R. J.; and CHUTTOORGOON, S. Field independence of
students at Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment and a
Montessori school. Perceptual and Motor Skills 65: 613-614, 1987.
Increased
Field Independence (Growth of a More Stable Internal Frame of
Reference, Increased Perceptual Acuity) in Children.
385. NIDICH,
S. I.; NIDICH, R. J.; and RAINFORTH, M. School effectiveness:
achievement gains at the Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment.
Education 107: 49-54, 1986.
Increased
Academic Achievement for Both Incoming and Continuing Students
at Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment.
386. NIDICH,
S. I., and NIDICH, R. J. Increased academic achievement at Maharishi
School of the Age of Enlightenment: a replication study. Education
109: 302-304, 1989.
Improved Scores
on Social Studies, Literary Materials, Reading, Quantitative Thinking,
and General Academic Achievement for Students at Maharishi School
of the Age of Enlightenment.
387. MUEHLMAN,
J. M.; NIDICH, S. I.; REILLY, B.; and COLE, C. Relationship of
the practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique to academic
achievement. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Mid-Western
Educational Research Association, Chicago, Illinois, October 1988.
(Refer also to Abstracts of Papers of the Annual Meeting of the
Mid-Western Educational Research Association, p. 6, 1988.)
Increased
Academic Achievement and IQ as a Function of Number of Months
Practicing the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program
in Secondary School Students.
388. NIDICH,
R. J., and NIDICH, S. I. Improving the social climate of a Philippine
secondary school through the practice of the Transcendental Meditation
program. Summary of a paper presented at the Annual Meeting of
the Mid-Western Educational Research Association, Chicago, Illinois,
October 1988. (Refer also to Abstracts of Papers of the Annual
Meeting of the Mid-Western Educational Research Association, p.
14, 1988.)
Increased
Morale, Facilitative Leadership, and Influence in Decision Making
Concerning Classroom Instruction in Teachers Practicing the Transcendental
Meditation Program.
389. DILLBECK,
M. C.; ASSIMAKIS, P. D.; RAIMONDI, D.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; and
ROWE, R. Longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation
and TM-Sidhi program on cognitive ability and cognitive style.
Perceptual and Motor Skills 62: 731-738, 1986.
Increased
Fluid Intelligence and Field Independence (Growth of a More Stable
Internal Frame of Reference, Increased Perceptual Acuity) in College
Students.
390. CRANSON,
R. Increased general intelligence through the Transcendental Meditation
and TM-Sidhi program. Abstract of a paper presented at the Annual
Meeting of the American Psychological Association, New Orleans,
August 1989.
Improvements
in General Intelligence and Reaction-Time Measures (Which are
Correlated with Intelligence).
391. KEMBER,
P. The Transcendental Meditation technique and postgraduate academic
performance. British Journal of Educational Psychology 55: 164-166,
1985.
Enhanced Academic
Performance in Postgraduate Students.
392. JEDRCZAK,
A.; BERESFORD, M.; and CLEMENTS, G. The TM-Sidhi program, pure
consciousness, creativity and intelligence. The Journal of Creative
Behavior 19(4): 270-275, 1985.
Enhanced Creativity
and Intelligence.
393. JEDRCZAK,
A.; TOOMEY, M.; and CLEMENTS, G. The TM-Sidhi programme, age,
and brief test of perceptual-motor speed and nonverbal intelligence.
Journal of Clinical Psychology 42: 161-164, 1986.
Reduction
of Aging Effects as Assessed by Perceptual/Motor Speed and Non-Verbal
Intelligence.
B: Development
of Personality
394. GELDERLOOS,
P.; GODDARD III, P. H.; AHLSTRÖM, H. H. B.; and JACOBY R. Cognitive
orientation toward positive values in advanced participants of
the TM and TM-Sidhi program. Perceptual and Motor Skills 64: 1003-1012,
1987.
Orientation
toward Positive Values: Better Recall for Positive than Negative
Words; Lower Recognition Thresholds for Positive Words than Negative
Words; Differential Recognition Threshold for Positive and Negative
Affect Terms Correlated with the Intensity of the Experienced
Positive and Negative Affects; More Positive Appraisal of Others.
395. GELDERLOOS,
P. Psychological health and development of students at Maharishi
International University: a controlled longitudinal study. Modern
Science and Vedic Science 1(4): 471-487, 1987.
Student Psychological
Development: Increased Psychological Health as Indicated by Unifying
Ability, Autonomy, Intrinsic Spirituality, Creativity, Directedness,
Well-Being, and Integration of the Personality; Higher Growth
Rate on Several of These Indicators.
396. GELDERLOOS,
P.; HERMANS, H. J. M.; AHLSTRÖM, H. H.; and JACOBY, R. Transcendence
and psychological health: studies with long-term participants
of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Journal
of Psychology 124(2), 177-197, 1990.
Psychological
Development: Higher Scores on General Factor of Psychological
Health; Higher Growth Rate Longitudinally; Scores on Psychological
Health Associated with Physiological Indicators of Transcendental
Consciousness.
397. GELDERLOOS,
P., and BETO, Z. H. A. D. The Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
program and reported experiences of Transcendental consciousness.
This is a summary of a study that appeared in Psychologia--An
International Journal of Psychology in the Orient 32(2): 91-103,
1989.
Experiences
of Higher States of Consciousness: More Frequent Experiences of
Transcendental Consciousness.
PART III:
SOCIOLOGY
A: Rehabilitation
398. BLEICK,
C. R., and ABRAMS, A. I. The Transcendental Meditation program
and criminal recidivism in California. Journal of Criminal Justice
15: 211-230, 1987.
Rehabilitation
of Prison Inmates: Reduced Recidivism after Release.
B: Quality
of Life
399. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; SWANSON, G. C.; RAINFORTH, M. V.; CARLISLE, T. W.; and
TODD, C. C. The Transcendental Meditation program and business:
a prospective study. Paper presented at the 101st Annual Session
of the Iowa Academy of Science, Storm Lake, Iowa, April 1989.
Refer also to abstract insert in The Journal of the Iowa Academy
of Science 96: A32, 1989.
Increased
Productivity and Performance in Business: Increased Efficiency
and Productivity; Improved Work and Personal Relationships; Reduced
Anxiety; Reduced Job Worry and Tension; Improved Job Satisfaction;
Improved General Health; Enhanced Sleep and Reduced Fatigue; Reduced
Cigarette and Liquor Consumption; Increased Physiological Stability
during Task Performance.
400. CHEN,
M. E. A comparative study of dimensions of healthy functioning
between families practicing the TM program for five years or for
less than a year. Dissertation Abstracts International 45(10)
3206B, 1984.
Improved Family
Life: Family Health.
The Following
Papers in This Section Document the Growth of Coherence in the
Collective Consciousness of Cities, States, Nations, and the World.
401. DILLBECK,
M. C.; CAVANAUGH, K. L.; GLENN, T.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; and MITTLEFEHLDT,
V. Consciousness as a field: the Transcendental Meditation and
TM-Sidhi program and changes in social indicators. The Journal
of Mind and Behavior 8(1): 67-104, 1987.
Improved Quality
of Life in Cities and Territories: Decreased Crime (Union Territory
of Delhi, 1980-1981; Metro Manila, 1984-1985; Puerto Rico, 1984).
Improvements on Monthly Quality of Life Indices in Territories
and States: Metro Manila Region, 1979-1981, Including Crime, Foetal
Deaths, and Other Deaths; State of Rhode Island, U.S., 1978, Including
Crime Rate, Motor Vehicle Fatality Rate, Mortality Rate for Other
Causes, Auto Accident Rate, Unemployment Rate, Pollution, Beer
Consumption Rate, and Cigarette Consumption Rate.
402. DILLBECK,
M. C.; BANUS, C. B.; POLANZI, C.; and LANDRITH III, G. S. Test
of a field model of consciousness and social change: the Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi program and decreased urban crime. The
Journal of Mind and Behavior 9(4): 457-486, 1988.
Improved Quality
of City Life: Decreased Crime Rate (Cities and Metropolitan Areas,
U.S., 1973-1979); Decreased Violent Crime (Washington, D.C., 1981-1983).
403. CAVANAUGH,
K. L. Time series analysis of U.S. and Canadian inflation and
unemployment: a test of a field-theoretic hypothesis. This is
a revised and updated version of a paper presented at the Annual
Meeting of the American Statistical Association, San Francisco,
California, August 17-20, 1987, and published in Proceedings of
the American Statistical Association, Business and Economics Statistics
Section (Alexandria, Virginia: American Statistical Association):
799-804, 1987.
Improved Quality
of National Life as Measured by a Monthly Index of Inflation and
Unemployment (United States and Canada, 1979-1988).
404. CAVANAUGH,
K. L., and KING, K. D. Simultaneous transfer function analysis
of Okun's misery index: improvements in the economic quality of
life through Maharishi's Vedic Science and technology of consciousness.
Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Statistical
Association, New Orleans, Louisiana, August 22-25, 1988. An abridged
version of this paper appeared in Proceedings of the American
Statistical Association, Business and Economics Statistics Section:
491-496, 1988.
Improved Quality
of National Life as Measured by a Monthly Index of Inflation and
Unemployment (United States, 1979-1988), Controlling for Monetary
Growth and the Rate of Change of Crude Materials Prices.
405. CAVANAUGH,
K. L.; KING, K. D.; and ERTUNA, C. A multiple-input transfer function
model of Okun's misery index: an empirical test of the Maharishi
Effect. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American
Statistical Association, Washington, D.C., August 6-10, 1989.
An abridged version of this paper appears in Proceedings of the
American Statistical Association, Business and Economics Statistics
Section (Alexandria, Virginia: American Statistical Association):
565-570, 1989.
Improved Quality
of National Life as Measured by a Monthly Index of Inflation and
Unemployment (United States, 1979-1988), Controlling for the Rate
of Change of Industrial Production, Crude Materials Prices, and
a Measure of the Money Supply.
406. CAVANAUGH,
K. L.; KING, K. D.; and TITUS, B. D. Consciousness and the quality
of economic life: empirical research on the macroeconomic effects
of the collective practice of Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation
and TM-Sidhi program. This is a revised version of a paper presented
at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Management Society, Chicago,
Illinois, March 1989, and published in R.G. Greenwood (ed.), Proceedings
of the Midwest Management Society (Chicago, Illinois: Midwest
Management Society): 183-190, 1989.
Improved Quality
of National Life as Measured by a Monthly Index of Inflation and
Unemployment (United States, 1979-1988), Controlling for Changes
in Major Economic Variables.
407. DILLBECK,
M. C. Test of a field theory of consciousness and social change:
time series analysis of participation in the TM-Sidhi program
and reduction of violent death in the U.S. Summary of a paper
in Social Indicators Research 22: 399-418, 1990.
Improved Quality
of National Life as Measured by a Weekly Index of Motor Vehicle
Fatalities, Homicide, and Suicide (United States, 1979-1985).
408. ASSIMAKIS,
P. D. Change in the quality of life in Canada: intervention studies
of the effect of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program.
Abstract published in Dissertation Abstracts International 50(5)
Sec. B, p. 2203, November 1989.
Improved Quality
of National Life: Improvements on a Weekly Index Including Motor
Vehicle Fatalities, Homicide, and Suicide (Canada, 1983-1985);
Reductions of Weekly Fatalities Due to Accidents Other than Motor
Vehicle Fatalities (Canada, 1983-1985); Improvements on a Monthly
Index Including Violent Fatalities (Motor Vehicle Fatalities,
Homicide, and Suicide), Cigarette Consumption, and Worker-Days
Lost in Strikes (Canada, 1972-1986).
409. GELDERLOOS,
P.; FRID, M. J.; GODDARD, P. H.; XUE, X.; and LÖLIGER, S. A. Creating
world peace through the collective practice of the Maharishi Technology
of the Unified Field: improved U.S.-Soviet relations. Social Science
Perspectives Journal 2(4): 80-94, 1988.
Improved International
Relations: Increased Friendliness in Statements of U.S. Head of
State (1985-1987).
410. DAVIES,
J. L., and ALEXANDER, C. N. Alleviating political violence through
enhancing coherence in collective consciousness: impact assessment
analyses of the Lebanon war. Summary of a paper presented at the
85th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association,
September 1989. (Refer also to Dissertation Abstracts International
49(8): 2381A, 1988.)
Improved Quality
of National Life: Reduction of Conflict in Lebanon (Increased
Cooperation, Reduced Level of Conflict, Reduced War Fatalities,
and Reduced War Injuries); Improvement on a Daily Index Composed
of All Four of these Variables (1983-1985).
411. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W.; DILLBECK, M. C.; ALEXANDER, C. N.; CHANDLER, H. M.; and
CRANSON, R. W. Time series impact assessment analysis of reduced
international conflict and terrorism: effects of large assemblies
of participants in the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
program. A summary of a paper presented at the Annual Conference
of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, Georgia,
U.S.A., August 1989.
Improved International
Relations: Reduced Conflict Globally, Reduced Terrorism, and Increase
in World Index of Stock Prices, during Three Large Assemblies
of Participants in the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
Program (1983-1985).
PART IV: THEORETICAL
AND REVIEW PAPERS
A: Health
412. WALLACE,
R. K.; FAGAN, J. B.; and PASCO, D. S. Vedic physiology. Modern
Science and Vedic Science 2(1): 3-59, 1988.
The fundamental
principle of Vedic Physiology is that consciousness is the basis
of physiology. This paper outlines and reviews the expression
of consciousness at each level of the physiology and reviews research
on physiological correlates of higher states of consciousness
developed through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program.
413. GLASER,
J. L. Maharishi Ayur-Ved: An introduction to recent research.
Modern Science and Vedic Science 2(1): 89-108, 1988.
Maharishi
Ayur-Ved rasyanas (herbal and mineral preparations) and the Maharishi
Panchakarma program of purification procedures have both been
found to have a wide range of beneficial effects on physical and
mental health as indicated by biochemical and clinical studies.
414. JEDRCZAK,
A.; MILLER, D.; and ANTONIOU, M. Transcendental Meditation and
health: an overview of experimental research and clinical experience.
Health Promotion 2(4): 369-376, 1988.
The authors
review the large body of research indicating improved individual
and collective health through the Transcendental Meditation program
and propose that it be applied on a large scale to improve public
health and reduce health care costs.
B: Education
415. DILLBECK,
S. L., and DILLBECK, M. C. The Maharishi Technology of the Unified
Field in education: principles, practice, and research. Modern
Science and Vedic Science 1(4): 383-431, 1987.
The authors
outline the principles and practical techniques of the Maharishi
Unified Field Based Integrated System of Education and review
research indicating the ability of this system to develop the
cognitive, affective, and physiological characteristics of the
student that contribute to successful learning.
416. NIDICH,
S. I., and NIDICH, R. J. Holistic student development at Maharishi
School of the Age of Enlightenment: theory and research. Modern
Science and Vedic Science 1(4): 433-468, 1987.
The authors
review research on the success of Maharishi Schools of the Age
of Enlightenment in fostering positive educational outcomes and
promoting student development.
417. DOW,
M. A. A unified approach to developing intuition in mathematics.
This paper is an abridged version of a paper presented to the
Eugene Strens Memorial Conference on Intuitive and Recreational
Mathematics and Its History, Calgary, Canada, July/August 1986.
The original paper will appear in the proceedings of this conference,
edited by Richard K. Guy, to be published by the Mathematical
Association of America in their series MAA Notes.
This paper
describes how the development of consciousness through the Transcendental
Meditation program fulfills current needs in mathematics education
by culturing mathematical intuition.
C: Personality
and Development
418. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; CRANSON, R. W.; BOYER, R. W.; and ORME-JOHNSON, D. W. Transcendental
consciousness: a fourth state of consciousness beyond sleep, dreaming,
and waking. This is an abridged version of a chapter which appeared
in J. Gackenbach (ed.), Sleep and Dreams: A Sourcebook, New York:
Garland Publishing, Inc., 282-315, 1987.
The authors
review physiological research indicating that Transcendental consciousness
is a unique fourth major state of consciousness.
419. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; DAVIES, J. L.; DIXON, C. A.; DILLBECK, M. C.; OETZEL, R.
M.; DRUKER, S. M.; MUEHLMAN, J. M.; and ORME-JOHNSON, D. W. Growth
of higher stages of consciousness: Maharishi's Vedic Psychology
of human development. A summary of a chapter appearing in Charles
N. Alexander and Ellen J. Langer (eds.), Higher Stages of Human
Development: Perspectives on Adult Growth. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1990.
The authors
outline how the experience and understanding of higher states
of consciousness found in Maharishi's Vedic Psychology fulfills
the aspiration of developmental psychology to comprehend the full
development of human life.
D: Rehabilitation
420. DILLBECK,
M. C., and ABRAMS, A. I. The application of the Transcendental
Meditation program to corrections. International Journal of Comparative
and Applied Criminal Justice 11(1): 111-132, 1987.
This paper
reviews the research on the application of the Transcendental
Meditation program in corrections, including improved mental health
and reduced hostility among inmates, and reduced recidivism upon
release. The authors propose the implementation of the Transcendental
Meditation program in correctional settings on a large scale,
in order to promote effective rehabilitation and thereby reduce
the substantial financial and human costs to society of incarceration.
421. CLEMENTS,
G.; KRENNER, L.; and MÖLK, W. The use of the Transcendental Meditation
programme in the prevention of drug abuse and in the treatment
of drug-addicted persons. Bulletin on Narcotics 40(1): 51-56,
1988.
This paper
reviews the results of studies indicating that the practice of
the Transcendental Meditation program reduces substance abuse.
E: Productivity
and Quality of Life
422. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W., and DILLBECK, M. C. Maharishi's program to create world
peace: theory and research. Modern Science and Vedic Science 1(2):
207-259, 1987.
This paper
reviews Maharishi's theoretical principles of collective consciousness
and the empirical research demonstrating improved quality of life
at the city, state, national, and international levels. The research
indicates that an influence of peace is created worldwide through
the group practice of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
program by at least 7000 individuals--the square root of one percent
of the world's population.
F: Maharishi's
Vedic Psychology
423. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W. The cosmic psyche: an introduction to Maharishi's Vedic
Psychology--the fulfillment of modern psychology. Modern Science
and Vedic Science 2(2): 113-163, 1988.
This paper
introduces basic concepts of Maharishi's Vedic Psychology and
compares its major principles to those of twentieth-century psychology.
The author concludes that Maharishi's Vedic Psychology fulfills
the theoretical and applied goals of psychology.
424. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W. The cosmic psyche as the unified source of creation: verification
through scientific principles, direct experience, and scientific
research. Modern Science and Vedic Science 2(2): 165-221, 1988.
This paper
presents the field of pure consciousness, or cosmic psyche, as
the source of all mental and physical phenomena. The qualities
of this field are verified through several approaches, including
direct experience and scientific research.
425. DILLBECK,
M. C. The self-interacting dynamics of consciousness as the source
of the creative process in nature and in human life: the mechanics
of individual intelligence arising from the field of cosmic intelligence--the
cosmic psyche. Modern Science and Vedic Science 2(3): 245-278,
1988.
This paper
outlines how, from the perspective of Maharishi's Vedic Psychology,
the field of pure consciousness sequentially gives rise to the
diversity of subjective and objective existence. Research is reviewed
indicating that all levels of subjective life are enriched from
their basis, pure consciousness, through the Transcendental Meditation
and TM-Sidhi program.
426. ALEXANDER,
C. N., and BOYER, R. W. Seven states of consciousness: unfolding
the full potential of the cosmic psyche in individual life through
Maharishi's Vedic Psychology. Modern Science and Vedic Science
2(4): 325-371, 1989.
This paper
outlines the sequential unfoldment of higher states of consciousness
brought to light by Maharishi and reviews the scientific research
indicating the development of higher states through the Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi program.
427. GELDERLOOS,
P., and VAN DEN BERG, W. P. Maharishi's TM-Sidhi Program: Participating
in the infinite creativity of nature to enliven the totality of
the cosmic psyche in all aspects of life. Modern Science and Vedic
Science 2(4): 373-412, 1989.
This paper
introduces Maharishi's TM-Sidhi program as the technique to enliven
the self-interacting dynamics of consciousness in the awareness
of the individual, thereby accelerating growth of higher states
of consciousness; it also reviews the scientific research on the
TM-Sidhi program.
G: Maharishi's
Vedic Science and the Foundations of Mathematics and Physics
428. WEINLESS,
M. The samhita of sets: Maharishi's Vedic Science and the foundations
of mathematics. Modern Science and Vedic Science 1(2): 141-204,
1987.
This paper
reviews basic concepts of set theory and other foundational perspectives
in mathematics in relation to the central principles of Maharishi's
Vedic Science.
429. HAGELIN,
J. S. Is consciousness the unified field? A field theorist's perspective.
Modern Science and Vedic Science 1(1): 29-87, 1987.
This paper
presents an introduction to unified quantum field theories followed
by a discussion of theory, research, and subjective experiences
from Maharishi's Vedic Science, in which pure consciousness is
described as the unified field of all the laws of nature.
430. HAGELIN,
J. S. Restructuring physics from its foundation in light of Maharishi's
Vedic Science. Modern Science and Vedic Science 3(1): 3-72, 1989.
The author
proposes the renaming of the basic forces and particles of nature
in light of their basis in the unified field; he outlines how
Maharishi's Vedic Science brings fulfillment to this aspiration,
and reviews research indicating that the unified field can be
directly experienced and utilized by human awareness through the
Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program.
SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH ON MAHARISHI'S TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION AND TM-SIDHI
PROGRAM
Recent
Research on Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
Program (VOL.6)
PART I: PHYSIOLOGY
The Studies
in the First Two Sections Document Changes during the Practice
of the Transcendental Meditation Technique Unless Otherwise Stated.
A: Metabolic,
Biochemical, and Cardiovascular Changes
431. GLASER,
J. L.; BRIND, J. L.; VOGELMAN, J. H.; EISNER , M. J.; DILLBECK,
M. C.; WALLACE, R. K.; and ORENTREICH, N. Elevated serum dehydroepiandrosterone
sulfate levels in practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation
(TM) and TM-Sidhi Program. A version of this paper was published
in Journal of Behavioral Medicine 15(4): 327-341, 1992.
Indications
of Younger Biological Age: Increased DHEAS Levels in Female and
Older Male Practitioners of the TM and TM-Sidhi program.
432. PUGH,
N. D.; WALTON, K. G.; and CAVANAUGH, K. L. Can time series analysis
of serotonin turnover test the theory that consciousness is a
field? Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 14: 372, 1988.
Increased
Serotonin Turnover Correlated with Group Size of TM-Sidhi Participants.
433. HILL,
D. A. Beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity, autonomic balance
and serotonergic activity in practitioners of Transcendental Meditation.
Doctoral dissertation, Maharishi International University, U.S.A.
Dissertation Abstracts International 50(8): 3330-B, 1989.
Decreased
Sensitivity to Stress Hormones; Increased Autonomic Balance; More
Stable Balance of the Physiology.
434. WALTON,
K. G.; BROWN, G. M.; PUGH , N.; MACLEAN C.; and GELDER-LOOS, P.
Indole-mediated adaptation: Does melatonin mediate resistance
to stress in humans? Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 16: 273,
1990.
Decreased
Melatonin Turnover; Decreased State-Trait Anxiety.
435. WALTON,
K. G.; GELDERLOOS, P.; PUGH, N.; MACRAE, P. ; GODDARD, P.; MACLEAN,
C.; and LEVITSKY, D. Stress and serotonin turnover in normal subjects:
relation to serotonin deficiencies in mental disorders. Abstract
presented at the 5th International Congress of Psychophysiology,
Budapest, Hungary, 9-13 July, 1990.
Increased
Whole Body Serotonin Metabolism; Reduced Mood Disturbance.
436. MACLEAN,
C. R. K.; WALTON, K. G.; WENNEBERG, S. R.; LEVITSKY, D. K.; WAZIRI,
R.; and SCHNEIDER, R. H. Alterations in Plasma Serotonin Reactivity
to Laboratory Stress after Four Months Practice of the Transcendental
Meditation (TM) program. Presented at the Second International
Symposium on Serotonin from All Biology and Pharmacology Therapeutics.
Houston, TX, September, 1992.
Decreased
Baseline Plasma Serotonin Relative to Controls. (In contrast to
whole body serotonin metabolism, low plasma serotonin indicates
deceased stress and decreased risk of high blood pressure.)
437. MACLEAN,
C. R. K.; WALTON, K. G.; WENNEBERG, S. R.; LEVITSKY, D. K; MANDARINO,
J. V.; WAZIRI, R.; and SCHNEIDER, R. H. Altered cortisol response
to stress after four months practice of the Transcendental Meditation
program. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 18(2): 1541, 1992.
Improved Adaptation
to Stress: Reduced Cortisol Levels in Non-Stressful Situations
and Enhanced Cortisol Response During Stressful Challenge with
Rapid Return to Baseline.
438. LÖLIGER,
S. A. Relationship between subjective bliss, 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic
acid and the collective practice of Maharishi's Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Summary of Doctoral Dissertation,
Maharishi International University, U.S.A. Dissertation Abstracts
International 52(1): 551, 1990.
Increased
Serotonin Turnover and Subjective Experience of Bliss during Meditation
and in Daily Activity Correlated with the Size of a Group of TM-Sidhi
Participants.
439. MACLEAN,
C. R. K.; WALTON, K. G.; WENNEBERG, S. R.; LEVITSKY, D. K.; MANDARINO,
J. V.; WAZIRI, R.; and SCHNEIDER, R. H. Altered responses of cortisol,
GH, TSH, and testosterone to acute stress after four months' practice
of Transcendental Meditation (TM). Presented at the New York Academy
of Sciences meeting on Brain Corticosteroid Receptors: Studies
on the Mechanism, Function, and Neurotoxicity of Corticosteroid
Action, Arlington, VA, March 2-5, 1994.
More Adaptive
Biochemical Response to Stress: Decreased Baseline Cortisol and
Decreased Overall Cortisol During Stress Session; Decreased TSH
Response to Stress; Increased GH Response to Stress; Increased
Testosterone Response to Stress.
440. INFANTE,
J. R.; SAMANIEGO, F.; MARTINEZ, M.; ROLDAN, A.; HORTAS, M.; LOPEZ,
E.; CASTEJON, J.; POYATOS, R.; PERAN, F.; and GARRIDO, F. Circadian
rhythm alteration by a mental technique for stress reduction.
European Journal of Endocrinology (formerly Acta Endocrinologica)
Supplement 2, Vol. 130, Oslo, Norway, 1994.
Biochemical
Indications of Decreased Stress (Lower Levels of ACTH; Beta-Endorphin;
CD4 Lymphocytes; and Higher Levels of Natural Killer Cells, Implying
Increased Protection from Cancer).
B: Electrophysiological
and Electroencephalographic Changes
441. LYUBIMOV,
N. N. Mobilization of the hidden reserves of the brain. Program
Abstracts of the 2nd Russian-Swedish Symposium "New Research
in Neurobiology," Brain Research Institute, Russian Academy
of Medical Sciences, Moscow, May 19-21, 1992.
Mobilization
of the Hidden Reserves of the Brain: Wider Distribution of the
Brain's Response to Sensory Input.
442. ORLOVA,
T. V.; PETRENKO, E. V.; and LYUBIMOV, N. N. Cerebral control of
afferent somatosensory projections. Presented at the International
Symposium of Macro and Microlevels of Brain Organization in the
Norm and Pathology, Moscow, 1992.
Increased
Amplitude of Cortical and Brain Stem Responses to Somatosensory
Stimuli.
443. SPLITTSTOESSER,
W. EEG analysis during meditation: A literature review and experimental
study (Original title: Elektroencephalographische Untersuchung
bei der Meditation: Literatur und eigene Erfahrung). Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany,
1983.
EEG Indications
of Restful Alertness: Coexistence of High and Low Amplitude Theta
Activity with Alpha Activity; Occurrence of Delta Waves with Occasional
Overlap by Fast Frequencies; High Amplitude Theta Activity Alternating
with Alpha Activity; Increased Intrahemispheric Coherence in the
Alpha and Theta Frequency Bands.
444. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W., and GELDERLOOS, P. Topographic EEG brain mapping during
Yogic Flying. International Journal of Neuroscience 38, 427-434,
1988.
Stabilized
Restful Alertness: Alpha Activity During Yogic Flying.
445. TRAVIS,
F. T. An empirical test of Maharishi's junction point model of
states of consciousness. Modern Science and Vedic Science 4(1):
43-56, 1990.
Indication
of Pure Consciousness at the Transition between Waking, Sleeping,
and Dreaming: Spreading and Increased Duration of Alpha Activity
to the Frontal Cortex.
446. CRANSON,
R.; GODDARD, P.; ORME-JOHNSON, D.; and SCHUSTER, D. P300 under
conditions of temporal uncertainty and filter attenuation: Reduced
latency in long-term practitioners of TM. Supplement to Psychophysiology
27:4A, August 1990.
Faster Neurocognitive
Processing.
447. TRAVIS,
F. T., and ORME-JOHNSON, D. W. EEG coherence and power during
yogic flying. International Journal of Neuroscience 54: 1-12,
1990.
Increased
EEG Coherence and Power during Yogic Flying.
448. TRAVIS,
F. T. Eyes open and TM EEG patterns after one and eight years
of TM practice. Psychophysiology 28(3a): S58, (Abstract), 1991.
Higher Baseline
Alpha EEG Coherence in Long-Term Meditators.
449. GODDARD,
P. H. Transcendental Meditation as an intervention in the aging
of Neurocognitive Function: Reduced Age-Related Declines of P300
Latencies in elderly practitioners. Summary of Doctoral Dissertation,
Maharishi International University, U.S.A. Dissertation Abstracts
International, 53 (6): 3189B, 1992.
Preservation
of Neurocognitive Processing Speed with Age.
450. MISKOV,
S. Endogenous evoked potential in subjects practicing Transcendental
Meditation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Clinical
Neurophysiology of the Clinics for Neurology, Psychiatry, Alcoholism
and Other Abuses of the Clinical Hospital "Sestre Milosrdnice,"
Zagreb University, Zagreb, Croatia, 1992.
Increased
Efficiency and Decreased Age-Related Deterioration of Cognitive
Information Processing as Measured by Event-Related Potentials.
451. TRAVIS,
F. T. The junction point model: A field model of waking, sleeping,
and dreaming, relating dream witnessing, the waking/sleeping transition,
and Transcendental Meditation in terms of a common psychophysiologic
state. Dreaming 4(2): 91-104, 1994.
Indication
of Pure Consciousness at the Transition Between Waking, Sleeping,
and Dreaming: Increased Alpha Activity.
452. TRAVIS,
F. and MISKOV, S. P300 latency and amplitude during eyes-closed
rest and Transcendental Meditation practice. Psychophysiology
31:S67, (Abstract), 1994.
Improved Efficiency
of Information Transfer in the Brain: Shorter Latencies of Auditory
Evoked Potentials (P300).
C: Health
453. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; LANGER, E. J.; NEWMAN, R. I. ; CHANDLER, H. M.; and DAVIES,
J. L. Transcendental Meditation, mindfulness, and longevity: an
experimental study with the elderly. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology 57(6): 950-964, 1989.
Benefits for
the Elderly Demonstrating Reversal of Aging: Increased Longevity
(Higher Survival Rate); Reduction of Systolic Blood Pressure to
More Ideal Levels; Improved Mental Health (Improvements on Nurses'
Mental Health Ratings); Increased Cognitive Flexibility (Less
Premature Cognitive Commitment, Increased Learning Ability on
Associate Learning and Greater Perceptual Flexibility); Increased
Word Fluency; Improvements in Self-Reported Measures of Behavioral
Flexibility and Aging (Greater Ability to Cope with Inconvenience,
Reduced Feelings of Being Old, Less Impatience with Others); Greater
Sense of Well-Being (Feeling Better During the TM Program, High
Interest in the TM Program and High Ratings of the Value of the
TM Program; Feeling Better and More Relaxed After the TM Program).
454. SCHNEIDER,
R. H.; ALEXANDER, C. N.; and WALLACE, R. K. In search of an optimal
behavioral treatment for hypertension: A review and focus on Transcendental
Meditation. In Personality, Elevated Blood Pressure, and Essential
Hypertension., eds. E. H. Johnson, W. D. Gentry, and S. Julius,
pp. 291-316. Washington, D. C. : Hemisphere Publishing Corp.,
1992.
Reduction
of High Blood Pressure.
455. BLASDELL,
K. S. Acute immunoreactivity, Transcendental Meditation, and Type
A/B behavior. Abstract of Doctoral Dissertation, Department of
Physiological and Biological Sciences, Maharishi International
University, U.S.A. Dissertation Abstracts International 50(10):
4806B, 1990.
Improved Immune
Response to Stress.
456. HARATANI,
T., and HENMI, T. Effects of Transcendental Meditation (TM) on
the mental health of industrial workers. Japanese Journal of Industrial
Health 32(7): 346, 1990.
Improvements
in General Physical and Mental Well-Being in Industrial Workers:
Decreased
Physical Complaints; Decreased Impulsive Tendency; Reduced Emotional
Instability; and Decreased Neurotic Tendency.
457. HARATANI,
T., and HENMI, T. Effects of Transcendental Meditation (TM) on
the health behavior of industrial workers. Japanese Journal of
Public Health 37 (10): 729, 1990.
Improved Sleep
and Decreased Smoking in Industrial Workers: Decreased Time to
Fall Asleep; Reduced Waking During the Night; Decreased Smoking;
Fewer Cigarettes Smoked per Day.
458. HERRON,
R. E. The Impact of Transcendental Meditation practice on medical
expenditures. Summary of Doctoral Dissertation, Department of
Management, Maharishi International University, U.S.A. Dissertation
Abstracts International 53(12):4219A, 1993.
Decreased
Medical Care Expenditures; Greatest Savings for Elderly and High
Cost People.
459. WENNEBERG,
S. R.; SCHNEIDER, R. H.; MACLEAN, C. R. K.; LEVITSKY, D. K.; WALTON,
K. G.; MANDARINO, J.; and WAZIRI, R. The effect of Transcendental
Meditation on ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity.
Presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the American Psychosomatic
Society, Boston, MA, April 13-16, 1994.
More Ideal
Levels of Blood Pressure in Normotensive Subjects: Decreased Mean
Diastolic Ambulatory Blood Pressure.
460. SCHNEIDER,
R. H.; NIDICH, S.; SHARMA, H.; ROBINSON, C.; FOSTER, G.; NIDICH,
R.; GOODMAN, R.; and ALEXANDER, C. Effects of the Transcendental
Meditation program on lipid peroxide levels in community-dwelling
older adults. Presented at the Third International Congress of
Behavioral Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 6-9 July 1994.
Prevention
of Disease: Lower Levels of Free-Radicals in the Elderly.
PART II: PSYCHOLOGY
A: Intelligence,
Learning, and Academic Performance
461. CRANSON,
R. W.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; GACKENBACH, J.; DILLBECK, M. C.; JONES,
C. H.; and ALEXANDER, C. N. Transcendental Meditation and improved
performance on intelligence-related measures: A longitudinal study.
Personality and Individual Differences 12(10): 1105-1116, 1991.
Improvements
in General Intelligence Measured by Psychometric Tests and Choice
Reaction Time.
462. HEINSTEDT,
E. Divergent production: An "intuitive" cognitive style.
Licentiate Dissertation, Lund University, Sweden, 1990.
Decreased
Arousal; Broad Attention; Increased Perceptual and Conceptual
Flexibility.
463. FERGUSSON,
L. C. Field independence and art achievement in meditating and
nonmeditating college students. Perceptual and Motor Skills 75:
1171-1175, 1992.
Field Independence
Correlated to College Art Achievement; Higher Field Independence.
464. FERGUSSON,
L. C. Field independence, Transcendental Meditation and achievement
in college art: A reexamination. Perceptual and Motor Skills 77:1104-1106,
1993.
Growth of
a Stable Internal Frame of Reference: Higher Level of Field Independence;
Correlation of Field Independence with Grade-Point Average and
Art Achievement.
465. SO KAM-TIM.
Testing and Improving Intelligence and Creativity in the Chinese
Culture with Maharishi's Vedic Psychology: Toward a Holistic &
Universal Assessment. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Psychology,
Maharishi International University, 1995.
Increased
Creativity (Increased Ability to Interpret and Associate Freely,
Increased Productive Imagination); Increased Fluid Intelligence
(Increased Ability to Perceive Complex Relations, More Effective
Use of Short Term Memory, Improved Ability to Reason Abstractly);
Decreased Inspection Time (Increased Speed of Information Processing,
Decreased Noise in the Information Processing System, Increased
Focus); Increased Field Independence (Greater Ability to Differentiate
Experience, Greater Cognitive Clarity, Broad Comprehension and
Improved Ability to Focus); Increased Constructive Thinking (Improved
Emotional Coping, Improved Behavioral Coping, Improvements on
Categorical Thinking--Increased Flexibility of Attitude and Increased
Tolerance of Others); Decreased State and Trait Anxiety.
B: Development
of Personality
466. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; RAINFORTH, M. V.; and GELDERLOOS, P. Transcendental Meditation,
self-actualization, and psychological health: A conceptual overview
and statistical meta-analysis. Journal of Social Behavior and
Personality 6(5), 189-247, 1991.
Most Effective
Means of Increasing Self-Actualization.
467. CHANDLER,
H. M. Transcendental meditation and awakening wisdom: A 10-year
longitudinal study of self-development (meditation). Dissertation
Abstracts International 51(10): 5048B, 1990.
Growth of
Wisdom: Increased Ego Development--Improved Affective Functioning
and Cognitive Development.
468. AHLSTROM,
H. H. Transcendental Meditation, adaptation mechanisms and valuations.
Doctoral dissertation, Maharishi International University, 1991.
Increased
Psychological Health and Orientation Towards Positive Values.
469. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; HEATON, D. P.; and CHANDLER, H. M. Advanced human development
in the Vedic Psychology of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: Theory and research.
In Transcendence and Mature Thought in Adulthood, eds. M. E. Miller
and S. R. Cook-Greuter, pp. 39-70. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield
Publishers, 1994.
This paper
presents subjective experiences, theory, and research on Maharishi's
Seven States of Consciousness. It provides a conceptual model
showing how the higher states of consciousness in Maharishi's
Vedic Psychology extend beyond the developmental stages of modern
psychology and meet all the criteria of advanced development.
PART III:
SOCIOLOGY
A: Rehabilitation:
Drugs and Alcohol
470. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; ROBINSON, P.; and RAINFORTH, M. Treating and preventing
alcohol, nicotine, and drug abuse through Transcendental Meditation:
A review and statistical meta-analysis. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly
11: 13-87, 1994.
Meta-analysis
of 198 Studies: the Transcendental Meditation program is Uniquely
Effective for Treatment and Prevention of Drug, Alcohol, and Cigarette
Abuse.
471. ROYER,
A. The role of the Transcendental Meditation technique in promoting
smoking cessation: A longitudinal study. Alcoholism Treatment
Quarterly 11: 219-236, 1994.
Increased
Smoking Quit Rate Over a Two-Year Period.
B: Rehabilitation:
Prisons -- Case Histories
472 ANKLESARIA,
F., and KING, M. S. The nation-wide implementation of Maharishi's
integrated system of rehabilitation in Senegal--A case study.
In Scientific Research on Maharishi's Integrated System of Rehabilitation,
eds. F. Anklesaria and M. S. King. Fairfield IA: MIU Press, 1993.
Almost Complete
Cessation of Fights Between Inmates, Very Sharp Reduction in Irritability
and Aggressiveness; Improvement in Health; Decrease in the Number
of Medical Consultations--as much as 70-80%; Marked Decrease in
Drug Consumption; Improvement in Sleep; Reduced National Recidivism.
C: Productivity
and Quality of Life
473. Implementation
of the Transcendental Meditation program for Brazilian army officers
and cadets. Official Report No. 271-A/2/DEP, National Academy
of Officers, Ministry of the Army, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 29
December 1991.
Increased
Capacity of Attention; Improved Memory of Details; Increased Ability
to Carry out Orders; Increased Physical Strength; Reduced Baseline
Heart Rate.
474. ANKLESARIA,
F., and KING, M. S. Developing the full potential of police officers:
Maharishi's integrated system of rehabilitation in the Brazilian
military police forces. In Scientific Research on Maharishi's
Integrated System of Rehabilitation, eds. F. Anklesaria and M.
S. King. Fairfield IA: MIU Press, 1993.
Improved Health,
Decreased Disciplinary Problems and an Improved Public Image.
475.
ALEXANDER, C. N.; SWANSON, G. C.; RAINFORTH, M. V.; CARLISLE,
T. W.; TODD, C. C.; and OATES, R. M. Effects of the Transcendental
Meditation program on stress reduction, health, and employee development:
A prospective study in two occupational settings. Anxiety, Stress
and Coping: An International Journal 6: 245-262, 1993.
Reduced Anxiety,
Insomnia, Fatigue, Cigarette and Hard Liquor Use; Improved Health,
Employee Effectiveness, Job Satisfaction, and Job Relationships.
476. BROOME,
V. J. Relationship between participation in Transcendental Meditation
and the functionality of marriage. Masters thesis, University
of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, 1989.
Improved Marital
Functionality (Overall Positive Couple Agreement, Marital Satisfaction,
Personality Issues, Communication, Marital Cohesion and Marital
Adaptability.)
The Following
Papers in This Section Document the Growth of Coherence in the
Collective Consciousness of States, Nations and the World.
477. ASSIMAKIS,
P. D., and DILLBECK, M. C. Time series analysis of improved quality
of life in Canada: Social change, collective consciousness, and
the TM-Sidhi program. Psychological Reports 1995 (In press).
Improved Quality
of National Life: Improvements on a Weekly Index Including Motor
Vehicle Fatalities, Homicide, and Suicide (Canada, 1983-1985);
Improvements on a Monthly Index Including Motor Vehicle Fatalities,
Homicide, Suicide, Cigarette Consumption, and Worker-Days Lost
in Strikes (Canada, 1972-1986).
478. GELDERLOOS,
P.; CAVANAUGH, K. L.; and DAVIES, J. L. (1990). The dynamics of
US-Soviet relations, 1979-1986: Effects of reducing social stress
through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. In
Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Social Statistics
Section, Alexandria, VA.
Improved U.S.A.--Soviet
Relations: Improved U.S.A. Statements and Actions Towards the
U.S.S.R. and Improved U.S.S.R. Statements and Actions Towards
the U.S.A. (U.S.A. and U.S.S.R., 1979-1986).
479. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W.; ALEXANDER, C. N.; and DAVIES, J. L. The effects of the
Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field: Reply to a methodological
critique. Journal of Conflict Resolution 34(2): 756-768, 1990.
Strong Replication
of Original Research Methodology.
480. REEKS,
D. L. Improved quality of life in Iowa through the Maharishi Effect.
Abstract of Doctoral Dissertation, Maharishi International University,
U.S.A. Dissertation Abstracts International 51(12), 1991.
Reduced Unemployment,
Traffic Fatalities, and Crime Rate (Iowa, 1979-1986).
481. HATCHARD,
G. D.; DEANS, A. J.; CAVANAUGH, K. L.; and ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.
The Maharishi Effect: A model for social improvement: Time series
analysis of a phase transition to reduced crime in Merseyside
metropolitan area. Psychology, Crime, and Law (1995, in press).
Also presented by invitation to the Annual Conference of the British
Psychological Society on Criminal and Legal Psychology, 1-3 March,
1993, Harrogate, England.
Decreased
Crime Rate (Merseyside, England, 1988-1991).
482. HAGELIN,
J. S.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; RAINFORTH, M.; CAVANAUGH, K.; and
ALEXANDER, C. N. Results of the national demonstration project
to reduce violent crime and improve governmental effectiveness
in Washington, D. C. Institute of Science, Technology and Public
Policy Technical Report 94:1, 1994.
Decreased
Violent Crime Rate (Washington, D.C., June and July, 1993); Increased
Popular Support for U.S. President.
PART IV: THEORETICAL
AND REVIEW PAPERS
A: Physiology
483. JEVNING,
R.; WALLACE, R. K.; and BEIDEBACH, M. The physiology of meditation:
A review. A wakeful hypometabolic integrated response. Neuroscience
and Biobehavioral Reviews 16: 415-424, 1992.
Based upon
a wide spectrum of physiological data on TM made available by
previous research, the authors hypothesize that meditation is
an integrated response with peripheral circulatory and metabolic
changes subserving increased central nervous activity, and discuss
probable objective markers of clear experience of samadhi or pure
consciousness as the subjectively identifiable goal of meditation.
484. WALLACE,
R. K. The physiology of higher states of consciousness. Paper
presented at the Conference on Higher States of Consciousness:
Theoretical and experimental perspectives, Chicago, August, 1991.
The author
delineates the empirically measurable physiological correlates
of higher states of consciousness.
485. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W. Transcendental Meditation as a technique to increase neural,
cognitive and behavioral plasticity. Proceedings of the Conference
on Restorative Neurophysiology, Irkutsk, Russia, August 1992.
The author
reviews research in support of the hypothesis that regular practice
of the Transcendental Meditation technique increases the flexibility
of the nervous system and improves general adaptive ability.
486. WALTON,
K. G., and LEVITSKY, D. A neuroendocrine mechanism for the reduction
of drug use and addictions by Transcendental Meditation. Alcoholism
Treatment Quarterly 11: 89-117, 1994.
Neurochemical
Substrate of Chronic Stress and its Contribution to the Development
of Drug Addiction. Explains how the Transcendental Meditation
program Normalizes Physiological Imbalances Involved in Addiction;
Improved Balance and Well-Being.
487. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; ROBINSON, P.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; SCHNEIDER, R. H.; and
WALTON, K. G. The effects of Transcendental Meditation compared
to other methods of relaxation in reducing risk factors, morbidity,
and mortality. Homeostasis 35: 4/5, 243-263, 1994.
This paper
reviews four meta-analyses, which show the superiority of Maharishi's
Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program compared to other
relaxation and meditation techniques in producing deep rest, decreasing
anxiety, increasing self-actualization, and decreasing substance
abuse (cigarettes, drugs, alcohol). It also reviews individual
well-controlled studies which support the conclusion of the meta-analyses.
In addition, it provides a theoretical mechanism of the effects
of Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program
in terms of normalization of the biochemical effects of stress.
B: Education
488. JONES,
C. H. The impact of Maharishi's Vedic Science based education
in higher education: The example of Maharishi International University.
Modern Science and Vedic Science 3(2): 155-199, 1989.
The author
suggests that holistic development of students occurs as a result
of implementing the technologies of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's Vedic
Science such as the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program,
and teaching techniques based on the principles of Maharishi's
Vedic Science.
489. DOW,
M. A. Preparing the student to succeed at calculus. Modern Science
and Vedic Science 6 (1): 1994.
The author
suggests that learning calculus involves three aspects: knower,
known, and process of knowing. Today's calculus reform deals admirably
with the last two aspects but leaves the development of the student's
full mental capacity, the knower, largely to chance. The practice
of Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation technique at MIU develops
the knower and thereby gives at least two distinct advantages:
a relaxed, alert mind and an experiential framework for feeling
at home with the limit process.
C: Maharishi's
Vedic Science: Physics
490. HAGELIN,
J. S. The physics of immortality. Paper presented at Isthmus Institute
Conference, Dallas, TX, April, 1991.
The author
suggests that physiological growth towards immortality is possible
when experience of the unified field of all the laws of nature
is maintained.
D: Maharishi's
Vedic Psychology
491. DILLBECK,
M. C., and ALEXANDER, C. N. Higher states of consciousness: Maharishi
Mahesh Yogi's Vedic Psychology of human development. The Journal
of Mind and Behavior 10(4): 307-334, 1989.
The authors
suggest that adult development to higher states of consciousness
beyond the experience of waking, dreaming and sleeping results
from growth of maintenance of the experience of the Self.
492. DILLBECK,
M. C. The concept of self in the Bhagavad-Gita and in the Vedic
Psychology of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: A further note on testability.
Psychologia--An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient
33: 50-56, 1990.
This paper
points out that in the Bhagavad-Gita the subjective experience
of Transcendental or pure consciousness ("Self") is
described as having effects that have been measured through extensive
scientific research on Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation program.
493. GELDERLOOS,
P. Maharishi's Vedic Psychology: Alleviate suffering by enlivening
bliss--reconnect the partial values of life with the wholeness
of life. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Meditation,
Psychotherapy, and Health, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, 16-18
March 1990.
This paper
explains how Maharishi's Vedic Psychology is the fulfillment of
psychotherapy and reviews scientific research indicating that
Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program improve
individual and collective physical and mental health.
494. DILLBECK,
M. C. The Bhagavad-Gita: A case study in Maharishi's Vedic Psychology.
Modern Science and Vedic Science 4(2), 96-134, 1991.
The author
analyzes the Bhagavad-Gita as a model case study from the Vedic
literature providing knowledge of the full range of human development
from ignorance to enlightenment.
495. ALEXANDER,
C. N. Transcendental Meditation. In Encyclopedia of Psychology
(2nd edition), ed. R. J. Corsini, pp. 545-46. New York: Wiley
Interscience, 1994.
The author
presents a basic introduction to Transcendental Meditation and
the scientific research on it.
E. Business
and Industry
496. ALEXANDER,
C. N.; HEATON, D. P.; and CHANDLER, H. M. Promoting adult psychological
development: Implications for management education. Proceedings
of the Association of Management, Human Resource Management 2,
133-137, Orlando, Florida, August 1990.
Promotion
of Psychological Development (Ego Development, Field Independence
and Intelligence).
497. GUSTAVSSON,
B., and HARUNG, H. S. Organizational learning based on transforming
collective consciousness. The Learning Organization 1: 33-40,
1994.
The authors
suggest that the level of development of consciousness is primary
in determining continuous learning of an individual and the organization.
498. SCHMIDT-WILK,
J. Developing consciousness in organizations: The Transcendental
Meditation program in business. Journal of Business and Psychology
10 (4): 1995 (in press).
A review of
research on the application of Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation
program in the workplace indicates: improved employee health;
increased job and life satisfaction; improved job performance
and productivity; increased job stability; and improved interpersonal
relations. These results are discussed from a model of developing
consciousness of the individual and developing corporate consciousness.
F: Rehabilitation:
Drugs and Alcohol
499. GELDERLOOS,
P.; WALTON, K. G.; ORME-JOHNSON, D. W.; and ALEXANDER, C. N. Effectiveness
of the Transcendental Meditation program in preventing and treating
substance misuse: A review. International Journal of the Addictions
26: 293-325, 1991.
The authors
review research indicating decreased substance abuse among students,
chronic users, and prison inmates.
500. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W. Transcendental Meditation as an epidemiological approach
to drug and alcohol abuse: Theory, research, and financial impact
evaluation. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 11: 119-168, 1994.
The author
focuses on the contributions of the Transcendental Meditation
program to resolving broader social problems associated with addiction.
He proposes that drug and alcohol abuse are symptoms of a general
stress-addiction-crime epidemic in society. He then reviews impressive
sociological research findings showing how societal disorder--experienced
as crime, drug abuse, political conflict, and economic instability--can
be substantially reduced through the cost effective programs of
Transcendental Meditation and Maharishi Ayur-Veda.
G: Rehabilitation:
Prisons
501. KING,
M. S. The theoretical foundations and practical validation of
Maharishi's integrated system of rehabilitation. In Scientific
Research on Maharishi's Integrated System of Rehabilitation, eds.
F. Anklesaria and M. S. King. Fairfield, IA: MIU Press, 1993.
This paper
outlines the theoretical foundations of Maharishi's Integrated
System of Rehabilitation. It shows how this theory of rehabilitation
is validated by extensive scientific research and by personal
experience of meditating offenders. The author suggests that this
system of rehabilitation offers a solution to key problems within
the field of rehabilitation, including recidivism, the measurement
of rehabilitation, and the means of rehabilitation.
502. KIMBLE,
C. J. Transcendental Meditation in the youth authority. Youth
Authority Quarterly 28, 1975.
Benefits experienced
by Meditating Wards of the Youth Authority in California.
H: Maharishi
Effect: World Peace
503. CAVANAUGH,
K. L.; KING, K. D.; and TITUS, B. D. Improving the national economy
through alliance with nature's government: Effects of the group
practice of Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
program. Modern Science and Vedic Science 4(1): 3-41, 1990.
Improved National
Economy: Decreased Index of Inflation and Unemployment.
504. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W. Introduction to the proceedings of the conference on approaches
to creating a stable world peace. Modern Science and Vedic Science
5(1-2): 1-30, 1992.
This paper
is an introduction to a peace conference held at MIU, which summarizes
the presentations of the conference participants and presents
an overview of Maharishi's approach to world peace.
505. HAGELIN,
J. S. Achieving world peace through a new science and technology.
Modern Science and Vedic Science 5(1-2): 48-75, 1992.
This paper
examines scientific evidence for a new technology of world peace
based on the unified field of natural law and considers its practical
utilization through extended field effects of consciousness.
506. ALEXANDER,
C. N. Peaceful body, peaceful mind, peaceful world. Modern Science
and Vedic Science 5(1-2): 150-164, 1992.
This paper
outlines the development of peace within the individual and explains
how this development forms the basis of creating peace in the
world.
507. ORME-JOHNSON,
D. W. Theory and research on conflict resolution through the Maharishi
Effect. Modern Science and Vedic Science 5(1-2): 76-98, 1992.
This paper
presents the Maharishi Effect as the basis for a practical program
to create world peace and describes scientific research demonstrating
the effectiveness of this program in generating coherence and
peace on all levels of collective life.
508. MORRIS,
B. Maharishi's Vedic Science and Technology: The only means to
create world peace. Modern Science and Vedic Science 5(1-2): 199-207,
1992.
This paper
analyzes the mechanics through which the experience of Transcendental
consciousness creates peace in both individual and collective
consciousness. The paper also emphasizes the urgency of establishing
groups of world peace professionals to create peace for the world.
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TEČAJ
TEHNIKE TM
Zaradi velikega zanimanja bo tečaj tehnike Transcendentalne
meditacije v Ljubljani ponovljen v četrtek 25.
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